Reference auerbach, alan J., laurence J. Kotlikoff, and willi leibfritz (eds.). 1999. Generational Accounting Around the World. Chicago and london: university of Chicago Press. robert a. leVine, sara e. leVine, beatriCe sChnell-anzola, Meredith l. rowe, and eMily dexter Literacy and Mothering: How Women's Schooling Changes the Lives of the World's Children oxford: oxford university Press, 2012. 224 p. $49.99.

Financial institutions typically avoid projects that will have a significant adverse effect on cultural heritage because it creates unwelcome risk and can affect their reputation. For bank clients, adverse project effects on cultural heritage can result in reputation risk, impede access to finance and insurance, increase operational costs, and jeopardize on-time and on-budget delivery of projects. To address this risk, financial institutions implement environmental and social policy frameworks that include specific requirements for the consideration of cultural heritage. This article examines the place of cultural heritage in the lending practices of 25 of the world's largest private-sector banks and its relevance for heritage practitioners who may be retained to provide advice, review or undertake fieldwork, and prepare studies in keeping with the private-sector bank policies and external standards described. The article concludes with a recommended best practice for private-sector financial institutions, a call to action for heritage practitioners to advocate for robust safeguards, and a call for support of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals by both heritage practitioners and private-sector financial institutions.

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