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Due to the increase in requirements for transport facilities, there is a need to strengthen them. The article is devoted to the analysis of reinforcement methods for load-bearing reinforced concrete structures of transport structures. The author notes in what period of the bridge’s life, it needs reinforcement, what difficulties are associated with reinforcing structures, and what are the main amplification methods that exist today. In order to select the optimal amplification method, it is necessary to carry out verification calculations, study the zone requiring amplification, take into account how many times the load-bearing capacity will increase and whether additional force effects will occur. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of reinforcing by welding additional reinforcement and bonding composite material. The author calculated the amplification of the extended zone of the T-section reinforced concrete beam of the superstructure with additional reinforcement and composite materials. Based on the calculations made, recommendations have been put forward on the relevance of using one or another method of reinforcing the structure.

In the article, the authors consider the problem of building buildings and structures on permafrost soils, provides a brief overview of ways to preserve the frozen state of base soils. The analysis of scientific works devoted to the thermal interaction of an engineering structure with permafrost soils is given. Conducting full-scale experiments in the conditions of the spread of permafrost soils is a laborious and expensive undertaking, therefore, as part of the research, an experimental stand was developed that allows one to study the processes of freezing and thawing soils in laboratory conditions. The experimental stand is a soil tray with rigid walls and a bottom with overall dimensions in the plan of 1000x1000 mm and a height of 1000 mm. The open system was modeled by placing perforated pipes at the bottom of the tray with a heating cable installed inside the pipes, maintaining a positive water temperature. To ensure one-sided and plane-parallel freezing, the side surfaces and the bottom of the tray were glued with a heater. To fix the temperature of the soil in the experimental bench and the air temperature in the freezer, the TEREM 4-1 measuring complex with DTS 1-1 soil temperature sensors is used. To fix the movements of the soil base in the experimental bench, ICH-50 dial indicators with a division price of 0.01 mm on a telescopic magnetic stand are used. To study the processes of freezing thawing of soils, the authors propose a series of experimental studies on water-saturated loams in laboratory conditions. A description is given of an experimental bench with a model of a thermostabilizer for studying the processes of freezing-thawing of base soils in laboratory conditions, and a methodology for conducting experimental studies is described.

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