No abstract

The method of immersion optical clearing reduces light scattering in tissues, which improves the use of optical technologies in the practice of clinicians. In this work, we studied the optical and molecular diffusion properties of cat ovarian tissues in the follicular (F-ph) and luteal (L-ph) phases under the influence of glycerol using reflectance spectroscopy in a broad wavelength range from 200 to 800 nm. It was found that the reflectance and transmittance of the ovaries are significantly lower in the range from 200 to 600 nm than for longer wavelengths from 600 to 800 nm, and the efficiency of optical clearing is much lower for the ovaries in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase. For shorter wavelengths, the following tissue transparency windows were observed: centered at 350 nm and wide (46 ± 5) nm, centered at 500 nm and wide (25 ± 7) nm for the F-ph state and with a center of 500 nm and a width of (21 ± 6) nm for the L-ph state. Using the free diffusion model, Fick’s law of molecular diffusion and the Bouguer–Beer–Lambert radiation attenuation law, the glycerol/tissue water diffusion coefficient was estimated as D = (1.9 ± 0.2)10−6 cm2/s for ovaries at F-ph state and D = (2.4 ± 0.2)10−6 cm2/s—in L-ph state, and the time of complete dehydration of ovarian samples, 0.8 mm thick, as 22.3 min in F-ph state and 17.7 min in L-ph state. The ability to determine the phase in which the ovaries are stated, follicular or luteal, is also important in cryopreservation, new reproductive technologies and ovarian implantation.

According to the data provided by the Veterinary Hospital of the Saratov State Agrarian University, in the cities of Saratov, Balakovo and Engels, renal and heart failure in patients with endometritis and cats with pyometra were registered in 26.8-34.5% of all surveyed domestic animals. The results of abdominal echography, made by sick cats with pyometra and dogs with endometritis, showed the presence of renal failure of the following types: – 92.9% – glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis; – 2.4% – focal diseases (cysts); in 4.7% – hydronephrosis. In this group of animals with pathologies were identified: – pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis in 81.3%; – pathologies of a focal nature (cysts, masses) – in 4.0%; – pathologies of a hereditary nature – in 3.1%; – pathology of the collecting system, incl. hydronephrosis, nephrolithiasis in 10.7% and 0.9% of sick dogs and cats, respectively. Echographically, the signs of heart failure (pericarditis, endcardiosis) are fairly objectively detected in 60.6% of the examined patients with endometritis and in 73.5% of patients with pyometra. Moreover, the combination of renal and heart failure in sick dogs and cats is recorded in 56.79% of cases. In inflammatory diseases in dogs in this case with endometritis and cats with pyometra in acute form, ultrasound shows: an increase in size (especially dorsoventral); the contours of the kidneys are indistinct; cortico-medullary differentiation is weak; the thickness of the parenchyma is heterogeneous and uneven, the collecting system of the kidneys is expanded. Echographically, the signs of heart disease and heart failure are quite objectively detected (pericarditis – 23.97%, endcardiosis – 16.83%, arrhythmias of various origins – 44.2% and other diseases of the heart and vascular system – 14.0%), in 60, 6% of the examined sick dogs with endometritis and 73.5% of sick cats with pyometra. Moreover, the combination in sick dogs and cats of renal and heart failure is recorded in 56.79% of cases.

Purpose: Assessment of the possibility of using ultrasonography for early prediction of the response of the functional activity of the ovaries to the introduction of some hormonal drugs at ET.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 42 cows of various breeds (Holstein, Ayrshire, Black-and-white breed of cows) — potential donors of egg and embryos in several farms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Saratov and Volgograd regions of the Russian Federation. Cow donors are selected taking into account anamnestic data. To assess the full response of the ovaries, two experiments were produced to carry out the stimulation of supersuvulation: the first study was introduced on the 10th day of the estrous cycle, 9 animals of follitropine on the developed protocol, and 7-animals — «plus» and the second study — for 11 days of the estrous cycle 8 — animals injected follitropine, and 6 cows — «plus» in the 4-day protocol. The synchronization of the estrus was carried out according to the generally accepted protocol. For morphological studies, the donor cows were extracted by ovaries and studied their physical characteristics, such as volume, weight, thickness, width, gonad length, the size of yellow bodies and follicles. For a more detailed study, ultrasonography was carried out using a Mindray DP 10 VET portable scanner with a rectilinear rectal sensor 7.5 MHz by 10-11 (before the administration of the drug) and zero (after the introduction of the follicularity of the hormonal preparation) of the estrous cycle days.Results. The average rate of ovaries before the introduction of drugs, on the 10th day of the estrous cycle, was 11.103±2.275 cm3, the volume of yellow bodies — 7,122±3.435 cm3. The average volume of yellow bodies to the ovary was 48.7±1.3%. The level of supervision reaction depends on the quality of the yellow body in the middle of the L-phase, at the time preceding the beginning of the gonadotropic stimulation from donor cows.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the visual analysis of sleepograms is an acceptable method for predicting the suitability of donor cows prior to the beginning of animal treatment with gonadotropic drugs and can be used as the animal selection criterion into a group of potential donors. Using ultrasound echography, relevant data reflecting the morphological and functional state of cows ovaries were obtained.