Gelatine is one of the most indispensable products in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry, photography industry, and other industries. Currently, the demand for gelatine in Indonesia is almost 100% fulfilled by gelatine imports from various countries. Imported gelatineare obtained from the hydrolysis of collagen from pigs and cattle body parts, which causes the anxiety of the Indonesian because the majority of Indonesian are moslems. Moslems forbid all types of food products derived from pigs and livestock that are not slaughtered using Islamic ways. Therefore, it is necessary to find out various raw materials alternatives to get halal gelatine. Gelatine can be made from various body tissues of livestock such as chicken intestines. The main ingredients of the intestine are proteins including collagen. Gelatine is obtained from collagen hydrolysis. Optimization of the acid concentration and soaking time at the demineralization stage influence to gelatine quality. This experiment was conducted experimentally, the design used was a complete randomized design with factorial pattern, the treatments were hydrochloric acid concentration (3, 5, and 7%) and soaking time (24, 48, and 72 hours), each treatment was repeated four times. Variant analysis was used to determine the treatment difference, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to test the differences between treatments. The results showed that there was an interaction between the use of hydrochloric acid concentration with the length of soaking time on the quality of chicken intestine gelatine. The use of 3% hydrochloric acid with 24 hours soaking time resulted the best quality of chicken intestine gelatin, and had gelatine characteristic ie yield of 4.33%; water content of 5.49%; ash content 3.80%; pH 5.5; and gel strength of 157.48 g bloom. ABSTRAKGelatin merupakan salah satu produk yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam industri pangan, industri farmasi, industri fotografi dan industri lainnya.Saat ini kebutuhan gelatin di Indonesia hampir 100% dipenuhi oleh gelatin yang berasal dari impor berbagai Negara. Di luar negeri gelatin diperoleh dari hasil hidrolisis kolagen dari bagian tubuh ternak babi dan sapi, hal ini menyebabkan timbulnya kecemasan dari masyarakat Indonesia karena penduduk Indonesia mayoritas beragama Islam mengharamkan segala jenis produk bahan makanan yang berasal dari ternak babi dan ternak-ternak yang tidak disembelih menggunakan syariat Islam. Oleh karena itu perlu dicarikan berbagai alternatif bahan untuk mendapatkan gelatin halal. Gelatin dapat dibuat dari berbagai jaringan tubuh ternak seperti usus ayam. Kandungan utama dari usus adalah protein, diantaranya adalah kolagen. Gelatin diperoleh dari hasil hidrolisis kolagen. Optimasi penggunaan konsentrasi asam dan waktu perendaman pada tahap demineralisasi mempengaruhi kualitas gelatin. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimen, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial penggunaan konsentrasi asam klorida (3, 5, dan 7%) serta waktu perendaman (24, 48, dan 72 jam), masing-ma...

The aims of the study were to look at the link between English as a foreign language (EFL) student teachers’ reading speed and reading comprehension achievement and whether it influenced their reading comprehension achievement or not. The population of the study was 583 active EFL student teachers in one English Education Study Program at an Indonesian state Islamic University. By using purposive sampling technique, there were 87 students involved as participants in this study. The data were gained by using two kinds of tests, reading speed test and reading comprehension test. Descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation was employed to analyze the data. From the data analyses, it was found that the correlation between EFL student teachers’ English reading speed attitude and their reading comprehension achievement did not exist. As the result, the second problem was eliminated. In short, reading speed did not have any relation to reading comprehension achievement.

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Sub-assy-manifold is one of the most significant components inside Vent-i (Indonesian ventilator). The production of sub-assy-manifold consists of two main processes that are assembly process and machining process. The assembly process of sub-assy-manifold is the longest one that takes 23.4 minutes in total compared to other components. The assembly process takes 1.4 minutes/pcs, and the body manifold machining process takes 22 minutes/pcs. Therefore, it is too hard to produce 1000 units of Vent-i per month. Making 1000 units/month can be achieved if the assembly process and the component machining process are at 10.43 minutes maximum in total. The purpose of this research is to reduce the assembly process time and machining process time of sub-assy-manifold. It’s begun with analyzing the current design of sub-assy-manifold using DFMA (Design for Manufacturing Assembly) to reduce the assembly processes time. The two-level full-factorial design experiment is used to find the optimum machining process time. The variables used in this experiment are the type of machine tools, hole toolpath strategy, and surface toolpath strategy. The result shows that assembly process time decreases to 43%, and the machining process time decreases to 63%, and it only takes 9.9 minutes to make sub-assy-manifold in total. With this result, it is possible to produce 1000 units/month Vent-i.