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Nowadays, we are living in the midst of a data explosion and seeing a massive growth in databases so with the wide availability of huge amounts of data; necessarily we are become in need for turning this data into useful information and knowledge, where Data mining uncovers interesting patterns and relationships hidden in a large volume of raw data and big data is a new term used to identify the datasets that are of large size and have grater complexity. The knowledge gained from data can be used for applications such as market analysis, customer retention and production control. Data mining is a massive computing task that deals with huge amount of stored data in a centralized or distributed system to extract useful information or knowledge. In this paper, we will discuss Distributed Data Mining systems, approaches, Techniques and algorithms to deal with distributed data to discover knowledge from distributed data in an effective and efficient way.

Purpose: The aim of the research is to analyse the relationship between the level and sense of security of residents and local sustainable development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis of local security in the context of sustainable development is based on critical analysis of literature and statistical data. In addition, the results of research on the evaluation of the basic elements of the local security system, carried out on a statistically significant sample (4,400 people) of residents of local communities in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. Additionally, taxonomic analyses were carried out, in which the assessments of the level of security by the communities of the powiats of the above voivodeship were compared. In the further part of the study, a review was made of the correlation of taxonomic measures of local security level with the most important indicators of sustainable development. In the final phase of the study, the ranking of powiats of Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship was constructed according to the integrated measure of development. Findings: Local communities, in conditions of sustainable development, aim at the security (social order) of individuals associated in the local community. The special role of local government in ensuring the principle of sustainable development is proved by the systemic solutions adopted in Poland and legal regulations specifying the competences and tasks of local government units of various levels. Practical Implications: The results are of significant importance to local authorities. They allow for a better design of local development management systems, taking into account the assessment of individual elements of the security system. Originality/Value: The research carried out has primarily proven the usefulness of multidimensional analysis and linear ordering methods for the assessment of the examined issues. Sustainability issues, which by nature are multidimensional problems, should not be assessed through the prism of single indicators or stratetical documents.

Rate of elemental sulphur biooxidation byThiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria in continuous culture with nutrient circulation was determined for oxygen concentration in liquid in the range 1±17 mg/dm 3 for temperature range 19±40°C, pH from 1.5 to 4.5 and for CO 2 concentration above 110 mg/dm 3 . Equation describing the in¯uence of above mentioned parameters on the rate of sulphur oxidation was presented. List of symbolsC AB alive bacteria protein concentration, [lg/ml] C B total bacteria protein concentration, [lg/ml] C O 2 oxygen concentration in liquid medium, [lg/dm 3 ] C 1 total protein concentration in liquid, [lg/ml] C 2 protein concentration in supernatant, [lg/ml] R RBES rate of biooxidation of elemental sulphur, [mg S 0 / m 2 * h)] T temperature, [°C] X B alive bacteria fraction 1 IntroductionThe Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria are commonly known as strictly aerobic however there doesn't exist any quantitative data showing the in¯uence of oxygen concentration both in liquid nutrient and in gas over the nutrient on the rate of elemental sulphur oxidation caused by this bacteria. There are only few qualitative data according to which the rate increases with the increase of oxygen concentration in gas contacting with liquid nutrient in which elemental sulphur was suspended [1]. Positive effects of shaking the culture against the stationary cultures [2] as well as the increase of sulphur biooxidation rate caused by aeration of both stationary and shaking culture [3,4] con®rm the very important in¯uence of oxygen transportation on the rate. The aim of this work was to determine quantitatively the in¯uence of oxygen concentration in liquid medium on sulphur oxidation rate and Thiobacillus thiooxidans bacteria concentration. Materials and methods Bacterial strainStudies were performed using Thiobacillus thiooxidans strain originally isolated from the surface waters of sulphur ore mine Macho Âw near Tarnobrzeg (Poland). As an inoculum eight days old stationary culture containing 10 6 ±10 7 cells/ml was used. Culture mediumModi®ed Waksman mineral salts medium was used for cultivation. It consisted of: 2.0 g of (NH 4 )SO 4 , 0.5 g of KCl, 0.5 g of KH 2 PO 4 , 1.02 g of MgSO 4 á 7H2O, 0.02 g of FeSO 4 7H 2 O, 1 dm 3 of distilled water. pH of the medium was 4.5. Neutralizing solutionTo stabilize the pH of culture medium during the experiments the culture medium as in 2.2 was applied, but (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 was replaced with 2.39 g NH 4 HCO 3 . pH of the neutralizing solution was 8.5. Procedure of determination of sulphur biooxidation rateThe rate of biooxidation of elemental sulphur (R RBES ) was de®ned as the amount of elemental sulphur oxidized per unit of time by the bacteria operating on a unit of elemental sulphur surface exposed to their action. Rate can be determined according to the method proposed earlier [5].In this method RRBES is based on the sulphate ions' production rate. The rate of sulphate ions production was determined on the basis of SO 2À 4 ions balance which were produced by the bacteria, introduce...

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