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In our experimental pure and cobalt (Co) doped Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film were prepared  onto glass substrate  chemical spray pyrolysis technique at 400 oC, X-ray diffraction, Atomic force microscope and optical properties were all  investigated  for each prepared films. Nanocrystalline films with hexagonal structure and strong (100) and  (002) preferred orientation were obtained. The maximum value of average grain size is (15.7) nm with 6% Co-doping concentration. The optical transmission spectra have shown that both pure and doped ZnO films were transparent  in UV-Vis wavelength region. The energy band gap of 0%  Co is about 3.28 eV and decrease to 3.2 eV after  4% doping. The excellent-estimated structure, the optical results are accomplished in doped ZnO film with (4 and 6) %  Co.

The aim of this study is to measure the natural radioactivity concentration in the soil samples of the kifl area by using NaI(Tl) detector. The levels of natural radioactivity were measured for 26 samples in Kifl district for three different depths (0-5) cm, (5-15) cm, (15-20). The average specific activity of potassium-40, thorium-232 and uranium-238 were (140±1.82, 14.28±0.59 and 8.50±0.47) Bq/kg in depth (0-5) cm, (134.28±1.78, 13.64±0.59 and 7.31±0.44) Bq/kg in depth (5-15) cm, (127.36 ±1.73, 12.72±0.55 and 6±0.419) Bq/kg in depth (15-20) cm. The results of the study were within the permissible limits when compared with the values on UNSCEAR organization (412 for 40K, 35 for 238U, 45 for 232Th, 370 for Raeq, <1 for H(ex), <1 for H(in), 6 for Iγ, 59 for D(out), 84 for D(in), 0.07 for AEDE(out) and 0.4 for AEDE(in).

Natural radionuclides in ten of the most available types of milk powder among various brand names that collected from local markets in Babylon government have been analyzed by means of a gamma –ray spectrometry NaI(TI) and estimated of the annual effective dose intake of the radionuclides. The concentration of226 Ra, 232Th and 40K have been found to vary from (57.2645±1.853031) Bqkg−1 to(0.299814±0.1340 ) Bqkg−1 with an average value of (20.67518±0.134077) Bqkg−1,from (36.7284±1.422407 ) Bqkg−1 to (0.37037±0.066679) Bqkg−1 with an average value of.( 12.41975±0.65718 ) Bqkg−1and from (481.521±5.65807) Bqkg−1 to (268.0537 ± 0.299814) with average value (377.5035±4.460395) Bqkg−1 respectively,the result showed that the concentration of radionuclides exceeded the result reported in the world wide. The dose due consumption of milk by public has also been determined and has been below the dose limit recommended by world health organization.