It is known that an excess amount of (oxygen) radicals in the skin can lead to (local cellular) oxidative stress. From one side, oxidative stress can contribute to the existence of various (inflammatory) skin diseases such as acne vulgaris and alopecia, as well as to accelerated photo-ageing of the skin. From the other side, oxidative stress could also be a wanted process for curing particular skin diseases, such as skin cancer and microbial skin infections. Therefore, novel treatment agents with the ability to scavenge or generate radicals can potentially be meaningful in the treatment of various skin diseases, especially for those diseases that have limited effective treatment options. This viewpoint essay will discuss the potential of fullerene C 60 , i.e. buckminsterfullerene, derivatives as novel treatment agents in dermatology. Fullerene C 60 is an all carbon molecule with a unique dual ability; fullerene C 60 can act as a radical scavenger or as an oxygen radical generator. Hence, fullerene C 60 derivatives offers most interesting prospects as a therapeutic protective or therapeutic toxic agent. Because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and numerous chemical functionalization possibilities, chemists can design derivatives with a wide scope of unique properties. The experimental data, mostly from in vitro and in vivo animal studies, on the safety and therapeutic potential of fullerene C 60 derivatives, in the field of dermatology will be discussed.
K E Y W O R D Santicancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, dermatology, fullerene C 60 , inflammatory skin diseases, photodynamic therapy, reactive oxygen species, topical drug, UVR protection
Poor interrater reliability of hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypesTo the Editor: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating inflammatory skin disease. The clinical presentation of HS is heterogeneous, and therefore, different phenotypes are thought to exist. Different phenotypes could differ in etiology and prognosis and could potentially require different treatment strategies. 1 In 2013, Canoui-Poitrine et al were the first to propose phenotypes and identified 3 phenotypes on the basis of latent class analysis of a database containing 618 HS patients. 2 For detailed characteristics of the 3 identified phenotypes (axillary-mammary type, follicular type, and gluteal type) see Table I. The Canoui-Poitrine phenotypes have not been validated in clinical practice or used in clinical trials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate their interrater reliability in a clinical setting.In 2017, thirty real-life cases were randomly selected from the population seen at the
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