Leukemia or blood cancer is a disease which marked by abnormal increasing of blood producer`s cells. Chemotherapies which used as anticancer have a many adverse effect and toxicity. The volatile oil of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza) contains sesquiterpene which has an pharmacological activity. The aimed of this research to assay the antiproliferation activity of volatile oil from curcuma rhizome to leukemia P388 cells using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. The methods were contain of identification of volatile oil (produced from distillation water-steam) using organoleptic test and TLC, and activity test was using seven various concentrations, which were 0.1; 0.3; 1; 3; 10; 30; 100 µg/mL. The result showed that the sample can inhibit leukemia P388 cells with the value of IC50 was 15.5 µg/mL. The volatile oil of Curcuma rhizome has an antiproliferative activity to leukemia P388 cell.Keywords: Curcuma rhizome, MTT assay, leukemia cell P388, volatile oil