In the genome of the marine diatom-Thalassiosira pseudonana, there are several putative genes encoding enzymes potentially constitute a classical C4 type biochemical CO2-concentrating mechanism. Two genes encode a carboxylation enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC)1 and PEPC2; and another two encode decarboxylation enzymes, NAD(+)-dependent malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). These genes were tagged by the enhanced-green fluorescence protein, egfp, ligated in the transformation vector, and transformed into the cells of T. pseudonana for localization of GFP fusion products. The PEPC1:GFP fusion was localized at the matrix of the periplastidal compartment, while the PEPC2:GFP fusion was localized at the mitochondria. The NAD-ME:GFP fusion was localized in the cytosol and the PEPCK:GFP fusion at the mitochondria. The transcripts level of NAD-ME was extremely low, and PEPCK transcript was significantly induced under the dark, suggesting that PEPCK is involved in the dark metabolism such as respiration and amino acid metabolism in the mitochondria. Treatments of low-CO2grown T. pseudonana cells with inhibitors for PEPCK and PEPC efficiently dissipated the maximum rate of photosynthesis while these treatments did not affect high-affinity photosynthesis. These data strongly suggest that classical C4 enzymes play little role in the CCM in T. pseudonana.

The uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon by marine diatoms is facilitated by solute carrier transporters or external carbonic anhydrases. The occurrence of these distinct strategies is unrelated to phylogeny.

Serat pangan merupakan komponen penting yang dalam mencukupi kebutuhan gizi sehari - hari. Buah dan sayur merupakan sumber serat pada makanan. Perkemabangan jaman telah merubah tingat aktivitasmanusia yang menyebabkan perubahan pola dan jenis makanan. Saat ini makanan cepat saji dan prakts lebihbanyak dipili menjadi konsumsi makanan sehari – hari. Makanan cepat saji memiliki kandungan gizi yang tdakseimbang termasuk kandunganserat yang rendah. Rendahnya asupan serat pada makanan menyebabkan berbagaipermasalahan kesehatan seperti obesitas, penyakit jantung, diabetes, dan bahkan kanker. Pada revew ini, rumputlaut ditawarkan sebagai sumber serat pada pangan. Produk turunan rumput laut banyak diaplikasikan ke dalamberbagai produk pangan. Indonesia merupakan negara yang berkontribusi besar terhadap hasil rumput lautdunia. Sampai saat ini setidaknya sekitar seribu jenis rumput laut telah ditemukan di Indonesia. Namunpengelolan budidaya dan teknologi paska panen rumput laut masih sangat perlu ditingkatkan.

Efforts to increase protein in Tempe can provide positive values for native Indonesian food. The amount of remaining egg white in the bread industry can be used in making soybean Tempe. Egg white which is rich in albumin has never been used in the manufacture of soybean tempeh by the producer. This research aims to determine the effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on the protein content of soybean Tempe. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The concentrations of egg whites used in the research included 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. The research instrument used was the observation sheet for protein content using the Lowry method. The research data were dissolved protein content. The data analysis technique used Two Way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that there was no effect of adding raw and steamed egg whites on soybean Tempe protein content (P > 0.05). However, the addition of raw egg whites can increase the protein content of soybean Tempe, compared to steamed egg whites. The conclusion of this research is the addition of raw and steamed egg whites does not have a significant effect on the protein content of soybean Tempe. The right type of egg white flour to increase the protein content of soybean Tempe is raw egg white flour with a protein content of 15.0 per 100 grams.

No abstract