Acute necrotising pancreatitis is associated with an unacceptably high mortality for which no satisfactory remedy exists. Emblica officinalis (E.o.) is a plant prescribed in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine, for pancreas-related disorders. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of E.o. against acute necrotising pancreatitis in dogs. Pancreatitis was induced by injecting a mixture of trypsin, bile and blood into the duodenal opening of the pancreatic duct. Twenty eight dogs were divided into 4 groups (n = 6-8 each): GpI–control, GpII–acute pancreatitis, GpIII–sham-operated, GpIV–pretreatment with 28 mg E.o./kg/day for 15 days before inducing pancreatitis. Serum amylase increased from 541.99 ± 129.13 IU/ml to 1592.63 ± 327.83 IU (p<0.02) 2 hrs after the induction of pancreatitis in GpII. The rise in serum amylase in both GpIII and GpIV was not significant. On light microscopic examination, acinar cell damage was less and the total inflammatory score was significantly lower in the E.o. treated group as compared to GpII. Electron microscopy confirmed this and showed an increased amount of smooth, endoplasmic reticulum and small, condensed granules embedded in a vacuole. More studies are needed to explore the clinical potential of E.o. and its mechanism of action.

KEYWORDS Mealy Bug Plant ExtractsFat body Silk gland CSR2Bivoltine Hybrid ABSTRAC TPresent study was conducted to find out the effect of various botanical extract on the tissue, cellular an d sub cellular level and histopathology of silkworm, findings of the present study gives useful data concerning the changes in the insect. T hree plant s extract viz Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum and Parthenium hysterophorus were used as experimental while untreated leaves consider as control. These botanicals were sprayed on the tukra (Pink mealy bug) infected mulberry leaves and feed to silkworm (CSR2 bivoltine hybrid). Findings of the study suggested no change in the fat body of the silkworm feed on the botanical sprayed leaves and it was with normal vacuolization cytoplasm of cells. While hypertrophied nucleus fat body and voculated cytoplasm was reported in the silkworm fed on the tukra infected chawki leaves. T he outer layers of the nucleolus were reported somewhat hypertrophied and cytoplasm was reported vacuolate with mild degeneration of cell in silkworm fed on the tukra infected leaves. Silk worm fed leaves revealed almost similar changes to that of normal and there was no change in botanical sprayed fed larvae. T he impact in tissue of the silkworm when fed with normal and crude botanical extracts against mealy bugs shows normalcy, but in the t ukra infected mulberry leaves fed by silk worms the tissues sho ws slight degenerative with nutritional impact upon them.

Background: Acute abdomen means, the patient complains of acute abdominal symptoms that suggest a disease, which definitely or possibly threatens life and may or may not demand immediate operative interference. The diagnosis and management of acute abdomen forms a large part of routine duties of a general surgeon throughout his career. Aim& Objectives: To study the proportion of occurrence of various causes of, clinical features and success in the treatment non traumatic acute abdomen in Ayaan institute of Medical Sciences with respect to age, sex. Methods: The study was conducted in Ayan institute of Medical Sciences from January 2019 to December 2019. 60 cases have been studied. Those acute cases, who underwent surgery have been only included in this study because of a correct diagnosis could be established. Results: Acute abdomen was more common in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th decade of life and in males. Acute appendicitis forms the commonest cause of acute abdomen. Hollow viscus perforation being the 2nd and intestinal obstruction forms the 3rd commonest cause of acute abdomen. Conclusion:In our study acute abdomen was found more commonly 2nd to 4th decade of life with male: female: 69:31. Most common presenting symptom was pain abdomen. The commonest cause being acute appendicitis. Commonest position of appendix was retrocaecal and pathological type was non-perforated inflamed appendix, for which emergency appendectomy was done and mortality was nil. Hollow viscus perforation 2nd commonest and intestinal obstruction was 3rd commonest cause of acute abdomen.