Scan to discover onlineBackground & Objective: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is one of the newer molecular markers that acts as a central mediator of tumor angiogenesis and is essential for tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. So anti-angiogenic drugs can be used as anticancer therapy. Treatments with anti-VEGF (Bevacizumab) therapy have been proved to improve relapse-free survival in many tumors. Urinary bladder tumor has become emerging cancer globally among elderly individuals. So, the identification and development of novel biomarkers for effective treatment of urinary bladder carcinoma is essential. The present study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder and to assess its association with tumor grade and muscle invasiveness. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram from September 2018 to August 2020. Fifty-six formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of urinary bladder carcinoma were prepared for both histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Each slide was evaluated by at least two pathologists.Results: Weak to strong positive expression of VEGF were observed in 52 cases (92.86%). The proportion of tumors positive for VEGF expression was higher among patients with high grade and non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. Conclusion:We found that VEGF expression has a significant association with tumor grade and an inverse association with muscle invasion. These findings may be useful for selecting the subset of patients likely to respond to anti-VEGF targeted therapy.

Background: Now a-days nephrectomy is not an uncommon surgery practiced in urology. Not only the clinical suspicions are confirmed but also many unsuspecting lesions are brought to light by the histopahological study.Elective nephrectomy is done for both benign and malignant diseases of the kidney. On the other hand, trauma is the most common cause of emergency nephrectomy. To observe the demographic and histopathological aspects of nephrectomy specimens in a tertiary care hospital of Chattogram: Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Materials and methods: This was an observational study of nephrectomy specimens received in the Department of pathology, Chittagong Medical College over a period of one year (January to December 2019). The studied parameters were: frequency, age, sex, laterality, clinical presentation, histological type and morphologic characteristics. Results: There were 30 nephrectomy specimens of which 09 were non-neoplastic and 21 were neoplastic lesions. Among the neoplastic lesions, all the cases were malignant with no significant side and sex differences of patients. The most frequent (26.67%) age rage was 0-10 year and renal cell carcinoma was the commonest (13 out of 21 cases, 61.90%) malignant tumor. Among the nonneoplastic lesions, chronic pyelonephritis was the most frequent benign lesion (5 out of 9 cases, 55.56%). Conclusion: In this study, there was a much higher rate of nephrectomy performed for malignant conditions of the kidney compared to other developing countries, where benign lesions are the main cause of nephrectomies. JCMCTA 2020 ; 31 (1) : 58-63

Background: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign but aggressive neoplasm, shows propensity for destructive local spread and often extends to the base of the skull and into the cranium. It generally presents as painless, unilateral or bilateral nasal obstruction with or without epistaxis. Diagnosis is aided by clinical examination and specialized imaging techniques such as CT scan & MRI, and confirmed by excision and histopathology. In this article, we aimed to present the diagnostic dilemma of an invasive nasopharyngeal mass with massive extension. Case Report : A 16-year-old male presented with a bilateral nasal obstruction, recurrent epistaxis, hearing and breathing difficulties. After total clinical, radiological and histopathological evaluation it was diagnosed as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Conclusion: The approach to its diagnosis and management was a combined multi-disciplinary effort of otorhinolaryngology, radiology and pathology. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), June 2021; 74-77