Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione or 2,3-dioxindole is an indole derivative. Isatin and its analogs are synthetically useful substances where they may be utilized for the production of a broad range of heterocyclic molecules, which are depicting a wide reach of biological and pharmacological activities, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-TB, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-analgesic, and antiplasmodial activities. Isatin is a precursor for many synthesized therapeutic molecules that are amenable to pharmacological action and have excellent biological potential. Isatin has a magnificent scaffold for both the natural and synthetic construction of molecules. These molecules are being used in drug therapy such as anticancer, antibiotic, and antidepressant drugs and have many more clinical applications. Due to its privileged scaffolding, the synthetic versatility of isatin has produced many structurally diverse derivatives, including the substitution of mono-, di-and trisubstitution of the aryl rings A and those derived by derivation of isatin nitrogen and C2 and C3 carbon moieties. As a result, improving and expediting access to isatin-related molecules is a challenging study in synthetic organic chemistry.

In organic synthesis, nanocatalysts play a significant role. Nitrogen-and oxygen-containing based heterocyclic atoms are the substantial and essential primary units available in different organically dynamic characteristic items, industrial and pharmaceutical, and agrochemicals. Nanoparticles (NPs) or nanoclusters (NCs) have high synergist action; the maintainable and financial advantages of the convention are the exceptional returns of items, short response time, primary stir-up method, and utilization of a non-poisonous and reusable impetus the response. The current review looks at the various forms of nanocatalysts used to form heterocyclic compound synthesis and some other important ring functionalization.