BACKGROUND: The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), India. OBJECTIVE: To study the treatment outcomes in patients treated under RNTCP &causes of defaulted, death, failure among them. MATERIAL & METHODS: This study was conducted in Karad Tuberculosis Unit (TU), Satara District, Maharashtra. Under Karad Tuberculosis Unit there were nine PHCs, Sub District Hospital and Krishna Hospital, six Designated Microscopy Centre's (DMC), three Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre's (ICTC)-KH, SDH and Undale. All patients registered during January2008 to June 2009 i.e.806 were the study subjects. Before commencement of study permission of District Tuberculosis Officer (DTO) was taken. STUDY TYPE: Longitudinal (Prospective) Study. STUDY PLAN: Patients were interviewed using pre-tested semi structured questionnaires at their residence at the start of treatment, after completion of intensive phase and cohort was further followed up for approximately six months. RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS: Out of 233 new sputum smear positive (NSP) patients, 214 had their sputum smear negative at the end of Intensive phase (IP); hence sputum conversion rate was 91.84% in present study. We found that233newsputum smear positive cases out of which 187 were cured. Thus the cure rate was 80.2%.Out of which 506 smear negative and extra pulmonary patients 462 completed treatment hence treatment completion rate was 91.30%. Out of 233 new smear sputum positive cases, 23 died thus death rate was 9.8%, 5 patients were treatment failure thus the failure rate was 2.1 %. 12 patients defaulted the treatment thus defaulted rate was5.15%.Due to tuberculosis 22 (2.7%) patients died, 27 (3.3%) due to HIV, 17 (2.1%) defaulted due to migration, 5 (0.6%) defaulted due to addiction of alcohol, 3 (0.4%) defaulted due to not relief from symptoms, 1 (0.1%) defaulted due to adverse reaction.16 (2%) failed in due to initial heavy bacillary load. CONCLUSION: It is observed that our regimens produced decline in failure rate, default rate was near expected, death rate was little more. As cure rate was very close to RNTCP objectives, reason might be good case holding in the study. The present study revealed that deaths due to pulmonary tuberculosis even after treatment& HIV renders individuals more susceptible to death as in these study 27 deaths are due to HIV. Some people migrate to their native place or for their work and become defaulted. Default was attributed to migration to their native places in this study. Majority of cases of failure might be due to initial heavy bacillary load.

BACKGROUND The concept of Paediatric intensive management is changing rapidly worldwide. But there are no definite parameters available for the assessment of the patient's severity. There was an intense need to conduct study which deals with the assessment of patient but also helps in prognosticating the patient and help in counseling the parents at the time of admission. The severity of sickness is assessed on the basis of PRISM-III Score (Paediatric Risk of Mortality), that is an internationally accepted standard score. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present prospective observational study was carried out during October 2015 to September 2016 in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Prakash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Urun-Islampur. All patients admitted to PICU during October 2015 to September 2016 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Among the physiological parameters BP, GCS and pupils showed statistically significant association with mortality. Heart rate and temperature did not show any significant relation with mortality. Only 4 patients had severe tachycardia as risk factor. We did not find any significant association between these parameters and mortality. Among lab parameters studied, ABG showed significant association with mortality with 64.7% mortality for children with pH less than 7.28. On evaluation of chemistry tests Potassi um, Creatinine and BUN showed good association with mortality. 38.5% mortality for glucose values < 80, which was statistically significant. Based on Haematological tests, PT and PTT showed significant association with mortality. WBC count and platelet count did not show significant association with mortality. CONCLUSION PRISM III score has good predictive value in assessing the probability of mortality.

BACKGROUND: The Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP) in INDIA. OBJECTIVES: To study of distribution of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis patients according to sites treated under RNTCP in Karad Tuberculosis Unit. MATERIAL & METHODS: The present longitudinal study was carried out during January 2008 to June 2009 on patients registered at Karad TU cattering 9 PHCs, Sub District Hospital, Krishna Hospital & 6 DMCs with 3ICTCs. In total 806 patients were study subjects with prior permission of District Tuberculosis Officer (DTO). Patients were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires at their residence in defined time period i.e. at the start of treatment, after completion of IP. RESULTS & OBSERVATIONS: In this study there was higher proportion of males 390(82.1%) having pulmonary tuberculosis than females 230(69.5%) and higher proportion of females 101(30.5%) having extra pulmonary tuberculosis than males 85(17.9%) in this study. There was highly significant association between type of TB and gender. Out of 186 extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients maximum 83(42.8%) had lymphadenopathy while 31(16%) suffered from pleural effusion. 40(21.5%) had abdominal tuberculosis, 13(6.7%) had tuberculosis meningitis. CONCLUSION: The females were having higher proportion 101(30.5%) of extra pulmonary tuberculosis than males 85(17.9%) in this study. The lymph nodes 83(42.8%) was the commonest site for extra pulmonary tuberculosis in this present study.

BACKGROUND: The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), India. OBJECTIVE: To know the socio-demographic profile of tuberculosis patients. MATERIAL & METHODS: The present longitudinal study was carried out during January2008 to June2009 on patients registered at Karad TU catering 9 PHCs, Sub District Hospital, Krishna Hospital&6DMCs with 3ICTCs.In total 806 patients were study subjects with prior permission of District Tuberculosis Officer. Patients were interviewed using semi structured questionnaires at their residence in defined time period i.e. at the start of treatment, after completion of IP. RESULT & OBSERVATIONS: Out of 806 patients 475 (58.93%) males while 331(41.06%) were females. Maximum 501 (62.15%) patients from economically productive age group i. e. 15-44 years of age. Maximum 742 (92.1%) were from Hindu community while 64 (7.9 %) were Muslims.561 (69.6%) were married, 154 (19.1%) were unmarried 18 (2.2%) were widower, 43(5.3%) were widow, 30 (3.7%) were divorced. There was 101 (12.5%) were from nuclear family, 639(79.3%) were from joint family, 66 (8.2%) were from three generation family. The maximum 694 (86.1%) patients were from lower class (i.e. class V) while 109 (13.5%) were from class IV and 3 (0.4%) patients were from class III. 239 (29.65%) patients were unemployed, 192 (23.8%) patients were working on daily wedges, and 184 (22.8%) patients had service. 186(23.1%) patients were illiterate, 215(26.7%) were studied up to primary school, 248 (30.8%) to secondary school, 134 (16.6%)to Higher secondary school, 23 (2.9%) to degree. CONCLUSION: In the present study majority of patients, 561 (69.6%) were married, 639 (79.3%) were from joint family. Maximum 694 (86.1%) were from class V(lower class).Maximum 501(62.15%) were from15-44 years of age group i.e. from economically productive age group. Prevalence of tuberculosis was higher in males than in females at all age groups. Majority of patients were literate.

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is a chronic communicable bacterial disease. The chance of developing the disease is maximum shortly after infection. An active case of pulmonary tuberculosis is the most important component in disease spread within the community. The diagnosis of all forms of tuberculosis depends on identification or isolation of the causative organism. So, it is important to know the duration of onset of symptoms, diagnosis and causes of delay in treatment-initiation of tuberculosis patients registered under the Revised National Tuberculosis Programme (RNTCP). Aims and Objectives-To study the duration of onset of symptoms and diagnosis of patients and causes of delay in treatmentinitiation of tuberculosis (TB) patients registered under RNTCP in Karad Tuberculosis Unit (TU).