Background: Antioxidants are those compounds which scavengers the free radicals, widely used in health protection and prescribed on large scale in biomedical health care units. In homeopathic system of medicine mother tinctures are prescribed. Mother tinctures of medicinal plants are having the potential to treat the various acute and chronic ailments. Objectives: The present study was accompanied to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of homeopathic mother tincture of plant origin i.e. Baptisia tinctoria, Berberis aquifolium, Echinacea angustifolia, Hydrangea arborescens, Hydrastis canadensis, Kreosotum, and Thuja occidentalis in comparison with ascorbic acid. Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition assay method. A volume of 0.1 mM solution of DPPH was used while mother tinctures (1.25, 5, 2.5 μl volumes) were used for evaluation of antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was taken as a standard control and alcohol as negative control in antioxidant activity protocol. Total phenolic content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent assay. Total phenolic content of mother tinctures was measured in comparison with ascorbic acid. Results: All tested homeopathic mother tinctures of plant origin showed significant antioxidant potential except Hydrangea arborescens and Kreosotum. Alcohol which was used as negative control exhibited no antioxidant activity. Pulsatilla nigricans possess highest antioxidant potential 85±0.3 among other tested mother tinctures against DPPH free radical and 98.8±2 maximum no of phenolic contents. Conclusion: Homeopathic Mother Tinctures of plant origin showed antioxidant activity due to presence of phenolic content.

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Homeopathic system of medicine is globally used alternative system of medicine. It is becoming popular worldwide. However homeopathic system of medicine has to face many criticisms due to presence of ultrahigh dilution. In developed countries where there is much advancement are present in the field of medicine where it is a big problem that microbes are becoming resistant and it is the need of the time to introduce the alternative approach to kill the microbes with minimal side effects. Homeopathic system of medicine contains ultra-high dilution that kills the microbes with minimal side effects.

Introduction: For proper patient management, clinical services and physician decisions are heavily reliant on laboratory test results. As a result, physician satisfaction with laboratory services is a critical indicator of service quality, emphasizing the importance of improving laboratory services to benefit patients. Objectives:  To determine physician satisfaction and factors affecting physician satisfaction with laboratory services in Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK). Methodology: Data were collected in all the seven DHQs of AJK over three months.  Data was collected through a structured questionnaire from (N=202) physicians using a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Chi-Square tests were used to determine the factors which showed a statistically significant relationship with outcome. Results: A total (N=202) of respondents included in the study with an overall mean score of physician’s satisfaction with clinical lab services was 38 ± 9.6 ranging from a minimum score of satisfaction 22 to a maximum of 56. A statistically significant association was found between the age of the Physicians, area of residence, and their level of education with a satisfaction level of lab services with the p-value= 0.013, 0.013, and 0.001respectively. Conclusion: It is concluded that physician satisfaction with laboratory services in public hospitals of AJK was very low, more than 50% of the patients showed dissatisfaction with the services. The main factors which affect the overall satisfaction of physicians with laboratory services were the absence of the assistance handbook, laboratory request form, and turnover time of the reports.