Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic diseases affecting the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is the most important cause of death in type I diabetic patients, of whom 30%-40% eventually develop end-stage renal failure and 40% of type II diabetics are at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. So, diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is paramount for the survivability of the diabetic patients not only because of the consequences of renal progression but also because of the strong association with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A total number of 53 subjects were enrolled in this present cross sectional study in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration of Nephrology and Medicine of the same institution during two years (2011-13) aim to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of renal resistive index (RI) by duplex Doppler ultrasonography for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Clinically diagnosed diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy referred to the department of Radiology and Imaging in BSMMU for ultrasonography of Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder (KUB) region or whole abdomen were selected as sample. Biochemical reports (Serum creatinine and Urinary albumin) and the RI value of intrarenal artery were correlated and analyzed. Only those patients biochemically were diagnosed as having diabetic nephropathy was included. Those with incomplete data, hydro nephrosis and renal calculus were excluded. Both the kidneys were visualized by commercially available real time scanner (GE Voluson) equipped with a curvilinear transducer operating at 3.5 MHz First Gray scale ultrasonography was done followed by Color Doppler of intra renal artery and then RI was measured. Majority (45.3%) patients were in 6th decade with the mean age was of 52.66±7.4 years and ranging from 38 to 65 years in patients. Male was found to be 54.7% of diabetic patients with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Resistive index of (≥ 0.7) was found in 73.6% patients with diabetes with the mean resistive index of 0.71±0.04. Positive correction between resistive index with serum creatinine (r=0.581, p<0.01) and albuminuria (r=0.725, p<0.01) were observed. It can be concluded that Resistive Index measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography is useful diagnostic modality for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy patients. Resistive Index has value in identifying diabetic patients who are developing nephropathy and can be used as an additional diagnostic tool. Also it is well correlated with Serum Creatinine and Albuminuria which are the biochemical parameters to diagnose diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract:Systemic lupus erythematosus is specially a disease of young women in their child bearing age . It has been found that SLE disease activity can repair in pregnancy even though patient is in complete remission state before the pregnancy. Besides this, pregnancy complications are higher in SLE patients. Another important issue is the use of drugs to control SLE because some of these drugs are potentially terotogenic. Fetal outcome is also a challenging issue. Therefore, multidisciplinary approach has key role in the management of Lupus pregnancy.

Adenotonsillectomy is a commonly performed surgery for an Otolaryngologist. The most common complication is post operative bleeding. However, it can potentially be associated with several other complications. Subcutaneous emphysema after adenotonsillectomy one of the rare complication but potentially life threatening. A case of 6 years old boy who developed cervicofacial subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following adenotonsillectomy is reported here. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 62-65

The 12-lead ECG (electrography) is the primary clinical tool for non-invasive assessment of cardiac electrical function 1 . The authors of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines recommend a resting ECG as the initial test for all patients presenting with angina or its equivalents, recognizing that although a normal ECG does not confirm healthy heart but an abnormal ECG can immediately identify patients at highest risk for cardiac morbidity 2 . The electrocardiography is a sophisticated galvanometer, a sensitive electromagnet, which can detect and record changes in electromagnetic potentials 3 . In country like Bangladesh Chest X-ray & ECG are primary tools for screening heart diseases. These two investigations are largely used in pre-operative check-up. Therefore preoperative check-up of large number of people can be a valuable tool for accurate estimates of the prevalence of ECG abnormalities in general population. Although large number of such studies has been done in different centers, but most of them have done in western countries. Such data are scarce in this part of the world.The objective of the study was to observe accurate estimates of the prevalence of the ECG changes in group

Midline congenital malformation of the nose is a very rare presentation and it's midline situation seems curious and is very difficult to explain on the basis of the present day conception of the embryology of the nose. The prevalence of lower lip sinuses has been estimated to be about 0.001 % of the general population. Upper lip sinuses are even more uncommon. We herein report a case of a 13 years old girl having congenital sinus affecting the upper part of the columella.