Nanoparticles of indium oxide, a transparent conducting oxide with a band gap close to GaN, were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of a pure indium metal target. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that nanocrystalline indium oxide particles with a mean diameter of 6.6 nm with a cubic crystal structure were formed. Photoluminescence spectroscopy shows a strong emission peak at 3.78 eV with a weak size dependence.

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method using ascorbic acid was used as a reducing reagent and ethylene glycol as a sol stabilizer and also served as a diffusion barrier. The characterization has been done with XRD, TEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The particle size was determined from X-ray diffraction which was also confirmed by TEM. The band gap energy was calculated by UV-Vis-NIR and structural property by FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained from the study confirm the formation of nickel oxide nanomaterial with the particle size of 25 nm.