Vascular access thrombosis represents a serious and common problem in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, identification of relevant thrombotic risk factors could lead to an improved antithrombotic therapy. This case control study was performed to evaluate the relationship between some thrombophilias and vascular access thrombosis in hemodialysis patients. Seventy-eight patients undergoing dialysis (between May 2007 and September 2009) were selected as subjects. This sample was divided into two groups; a case group of 28 patients who had sustained one or more thrombotic events that resulted in vascular access failure and a control group of 50 patients, who had never had a thrombotic occlusion of a functioning permanent dialysis access. Antithrombin, protein C and protein S levels were measured. Also, both groups were tested for the factor V Leiden mutation, the prothrombin G20210A mutation, the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C mutations. Among genetic mutations of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase genes, the C677T methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation was the only significant genetic cause of vascular access thrombosis (P=0.005). Our data demonstrated a significantly increased risk of vascular access thrombosis in carriers of the C677T methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation.

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