Sistem peringatan dini tsunami tidak hanya menyangkut teknologi namun juga melibatkan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat sebagai komponen sosial budaya dan ekonomi politik yang perlu diidentifikasi dan diperbaiki. Masyarakat Simeulue mengangkat kearifan lokal "smong" sebagai sistem peringatan dini tsunami tradisional yang berhasil menyelamatkan mereka dari bencana. Sistem ini dapat diadaptasi dan diterapkan ke masyarakat di daerah lain yang rentan terhadap bencana yang sama. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, artikel ini disusun dengan tujuan untuk memahami dan menggali permasalahan dalam penerapan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia melalui studi literatur. Data dan bahan diperoleh dari jurnal, prosiding, buku, majalah, wawancara dan laporan serta wawasan yang didapat saat tinjauan lapangan pada Ekspedisi Widya Nusantara tahun 2017. Hasil studi menunjukkan kesiapsiagaan terhadap gempa dan tsunami masih rendah sehingga ketika bencana terjadi masyarakat belum dapat melakukan penyelamatan secara mandiri. Belajar dari kearifan lokal masyarakat Simeulue melalui cerita smong yang dipahami sebagai sistem peringatan dini tsunami, saat ini kita membutuhkan sebuah metode pendekatan yang dapat diterima dengan mudah untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan terhadap bencana. Contohnya dengan membuat program televisi atau animasi yang dapat ditonton semua kalangan. Dengan menampilkan program ini secara berkala, muatan tentang kesiapsiagaan terhadap tsunami (dan atau bencana lainnya) akan tertanam dalam memori sehingga mampu meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan penontonnya.

Kei Islands are known to have hydrocarbon potentials in shallow rock layers, trapped by folds and faults. This potential is characterized by the amount of gas seepage found in Kei Kecil, Kei Besar and Tayandu Island. The study was conducted in central and southern part of Kei Besar Island through outcrop observations and stratigraphic measurements aim to recognize the physical characteristics of rock. Kei Besar Island located in the easternmost part of Australian continental passive margin separated by the extension of Aru Through. Digital Elevation Model of Kei Besar Island shows that the northern part of research area has a steeper morphology than the southern. The stratigraphic characteristic in the central part of research area dominated by clastic limestone showing a shallowing-up stacking pattern. While in the southern part, the lithology dominated by coralline limestone contains many fragments of coral and large foraminifera. Stratigraphic analysis shows that lithology in the study area was formed in carbonate submarine fan which formed Elat Formation. This formation underlained by shallow carbonate rock which contain large foraminifera from Tamangil Formation. Tamangil Formation interfingered with lower part of Weduar Formation. Based on the analysis of surface data above, concluded that subsurface exploration is necessary to reconstruct the petroleum system in research area.

A biostratigraphic analysis was carried out on 60 samples taken from the Barbatos-1 Well, located within the Tomori Block, Banggai Tertiary Basin, East Arm of Sulawesi. The Barbatos-1 well was selected for this study because it is composed of rock sequences which are the main reservoir in the Tomori Block. Biostratigraphic analysis was conducted to determine the relative age and depositional environment of the sample. The age of the sample is determined based on the interval zone. The depositional environment is estimated based on the ratio of plankton (P/B ratio) and fossil facies. The results revealed that the rock formations studied were deposited in the Miocene to Holocene age. The lowest layer is the Orbulina bilobata-Zone which was deposited at N10 -N12 (lower Middle Miocene) in the bathyal environment. The layer above is a biozonation of Globorotalia menardii, deposited at N12 -N14 (upper Middle Miocene) in a neritic environment. The next layer is the biozonation of Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens -Globigerina praebulloides which was deposited at N14 -N17 (Middle Miocene -Late Miocene) in the bathyal environment. The topmost layer is the biozonation of Orbulina universa -Globigerinoides immaturus which was deposited at N17 -N23 or Pliocene -Holocene in the bathyal environment. In the top two layers, there are fossil fragments that come from older rock layers (Early Tertiary).

Abstract

Abstract. Analysis of foraminifera in geology, usually being used to find the age of rocks/ sediments and depositional environment. In this study, recent foraminifera was used not only to determine the sedimentary environment, but also to estimate the ecological condition of the water through a statistical approach.Analysis was performed quantitatively in 10 surface seabed sediment samples in Weda Bay North Maluku. The analysis includes dominance (Sympson Index), diversity and evenness (Shannon Index), and the ratio of planktonic -benthic. The results were shown in the plotting diagram of M-R-T (Miliolid-Rotalid-Textularid) to determine the depositional environment. Quantitative analysis was performed using Past software (paleontological version Statistic 1:29).The analysis result showed there was no domination of certain taxon with a moderate degree of evenness and stable communities and considerably a moderate diversity. The results of this analysis indicated that research area had a stable water conditions with the optimum level of carbonate content, oxygen supply, salinity, and temperature.The ratio of planktonic and benthic indicate the relative depth, which was deeper the water increased the percentage of planktonic foraminifera. Based on M-R-T diagram showed the distribution of sediment deposited on exposed carbonate (carbonate platform) environment with normal saline.