The position of the pelvis depends on age, angle value of lumbar lordosis and BMI. Individuals with and without pain differed significantly in terms of the anterior pelvic tilt. The risk of LBP incidence increased with age in the study group.

Introduction: Rock climbing has become not only one of the sports but also a popular form of recreation. The subject of climbing injuries is often discussed, however, the characteristic posture of the climbers and the associated risk of straining and overloading the back is still almost unexplored.Objective: To assess body posture of rock climbers and the factors contributing to changing the shape of curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane.Methods: The study was conducted on 58 person group of men. The subjects were divided into: group I -men trained to rock climbing, group II -men who have not been trained to rock climbing. In a clinical trial the curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane has been rated via the use of Rippstein Plurimetr, Dega test and the Thomas test.Results: It has been shown that men who are training rock climbing for extended periods of time have more chest kyphosis of the spine compared with men who are not. The study confirmed that the effect of the size of the thoracic kyphosis of climbers has: climbing level, training duration and the intensity of your workout. The results of the Dega test have shown the presence of the pectoral muscle contracture in 85% of climbers.Conclusions: Regular practice of climbing affects the formation of anterior-posterior curvature of the spine, and thus the attitude of the body, leading to the emergence of a typical body shape of climbers, namely, the "climber's back".

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) synthesised chemically usually need the modification of the particle surface. Other natural sources of magnetic particles are various magnetotactic bacteria. Magnetosomes isolated from magnetotactic bacteria are organelles consisting of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) crystals enclosed by a biological membrane. Magnetotactic bacteria produce their magnetic particles in chains. The process of isolation of magnetosome chains from the body of bacteria consists of a series of cycles of centrifugation and magnetic decantation. Using a high-energy ultrasound it is possible to break the magnetosome chains into individual nanoparticles -magnetosomes. This study presents the effect of sonication of magnetosome suspension on their acoustic properties, that is speed and attenuation of the sound. Acoustic propagation parameters are measured using ultrasonic spectroscopy based on FFT spectral analysis of the received pulses. The speed and attenuation of ultrasonic waves in magnetosome suspensions are analysed as a function of frequency, temperature, magnetic field intensity, and the angle between the direction of the wave and the direction of the field.