Background and aims The impact of measures taken to contain COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviour is undefined in Indian population. The current study was undertaken to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle-related behaviours: eating, physical activity and sleep behaviour. Methods The study is a cross-sectional web-based survey. A validated questionnaire to assess the changes in lifestyle-related behaviour was administered on adults across India using a Google online survey platform. Results A total of 995 responses (58.5% male, mean age 33.3 years) were collected. An improvement in healthy meal consumption pattern and a restriction of unhealthy food items was observed, especially in the younger population (age <30 years). A reduction in physical activity coupled with an increase in daily screen time was found especially among men and in upper-socio-economic strata. Quarantine induced stress and anxiety showed an increase by a unit in nearly one-fourth of the participants. Conclusions COVID-19 marginally improved the eating behaviour, yet one-third of participants gained weight as physical activity declined significantly coupled with an increase in screen and sitting time. Mental health was also adversely affected. A detailed understanding of these factors can help to develop interventions to mitigate the negative lifestyle behaviours that have manifested during COVID-19.

Summary Understanding the predictors of weight loss with lifestyle interventions can help to ascertain the probable outcomes of individuals with obesity who undergo such interventions. This systematic review assessed the evidence of predictors of successful weight loss among individuals who are overweight or with obesity undergoing lifestyle interventions. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Reviews, PsychInfo and Wiley) were searched to find relevant literature published in the past 20 years. A total of 1351 titles were identified in the initial search, of which 23 studies were finally included. Predictors were synthesized in the domains of socio‐demographic factors, anthropometric parameters, psychological and behavioural factors and intervention‐based factors. The overall quality of evidence on predictors was then appraised using an adapted GRADE approach. Patient‐specific factors such as being male, older in age, having existing cardiometabolic comorbidities and limited fat intake were significantly associated with weight loss success. Amongst intervention specific predictors, greater initial weight loss and higher adherence to lifestyle advice were associated with greater weight loss success. In this review, initial weight loss came out to be as the most important predictor of successful weight loss outcome.

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Objective: This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle-related behavior related to eating, activity and sleep pattern. Design: Indexed study used a mixed method design. Phase I employed qualitative methods for development of questionnaire including literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation and pre-testing. Phase II used quantitative methods for establishing construct validity of the questionnaire via parallel factor analysis. Participants: Phase 1 involved participation of experts from different fields (Departments of Medicine, Nutrition and Clinical Psychology) and general adult population. For phase II, data was collected from 124 adult respondents (female=57.26%); mean age (36±14.8) years residing in an urban setting. Results: The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) socio-demographic and anthropometric parameters, (B) 24 items each for investigating the change in eating, activity and sleep behavior before versus during COVID-19, (C) 6 items assessing COVID-19 specific reasons for lifestyle change. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the questionnaire is 0.72 suggesting its good internal consistency. Conclusions: This appears to be a valid tool to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle related behaviors with potential utility for public health researchers to identify these changes at community level and develop strategies to reinforce corrective behaviors.

Dietary interventions (plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, soy protein and dietary fibers) for familial hypercholesterolaemia (Review)