BACKGROUNDElaborating morphology of spleen which includes its shape, fissures, notches and comparing it with the available literature of previous studies would be beneficial for academicians and clinicians.

Increasing problems of calcium deficiency with advanced age, it becomes the need of time to focus attention towards parathyroid glands as one of the essential entity. Hence the present study has been undertaken to have an idea about normal variation in the gland as per age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Parathyroid glands from 25 autopsied cases of 20 to 59 years were studied after staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson"s Trichrome and Gomori"s Reticulin stains. RESULTS: Stroma composed of short often branching reticular fibers along with blood vessels and fat cells. By statistical examination, it was revealed that as age advances amount of stromal fat increased, reaching a peak in age groups between 40-49 years and then slightly decreased irrespective of sex. Oxyphil cells being less numerous than chief cells were distinguished by their dark eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and arranged mostly in closely packed groups. Oxyphil cells also found as placed singly among chief cells and as continuous masses or anastomosing columns. The number of oxyphil cells increased as age advances irrespective of sex. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of stromal fat increased as age advances and it reached to a peak in the middle of the 5th decade thereafter it slightly decreased and also the number of oxyphil cells increased as age advances irrespective of sex.

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ABSTRACT:Variations in the origin of arteries in the abdomen are very common but with the advent of new operative and laparoscopic techniques within the abdominal cavity, the anatomy of the abdominal vessels has assumed much more clinical importance. During routine dissection for MBBS of the abdominal cavity, we came across double right testicular arteries in a middle aged male cadaver. Testicular arterial morphology deviating from its normal anatomy is a serious concern, as diagnostic approaches in male infertility and varicocele can be often linked with its associated vascular anomaly. The origin and course of the testicular artery must be carefully identified in order to preserve normal blood circulation and prevent testicular atrophy. Radiologists, urologists and oncologists should be familiar with testicular artery variants in order to provide an accurate diagnosis during pre-operative studies. Knowledge of this variation will help to avoid clinical complications especially during radiological examination and/or surgical approaches in abdominal region.