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Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinically and radiographically, the efficacy of immediate ridge augmentation to reconstruct the vertical and horizontal dimensions at extraction sites of periodontally hopeless tooth using an autogenous chin block graft. Material and Methods A total of 11 patients (7 male & 4 female) with localized advanced bone loss around single rooted teeth having hopeless prognosis and indicated for extraction were selected for the study. The teeth were atraumatically extracted and deficient sites were augmented using autogenous chin block graft. Parameters like clinically soft tissue height - width and also radiographic ridge height -width were measured before and 6 months after augmentation. Obtained results were tabulated and analysed statistically. Results After 6 months of immediate ridge augmentation, the mean gain in radiographic vertical height and horizontal width was 7.64 + 1.47 mm (P = 0.005) and 5.28 + 0.46 mm (P = 0.007) respectively which was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mean change of width gain of 0.40mm and height loss of 0.40mm of soft tissue parameters, from the baseline till completion of the study at 6 months was observed. Conclusions The present study showed predictable immediate ridge augmentation with autogenous chin block graft at periodontally compromised extraction site. It can provide adequate hard and soft tissue foundation for perfect 3-Dimensional prosthetic positioning of implant in severely deficient ridges. Key words:Immediate ridge augmentation, periondontally hopeless tooth, autogenous chin graft, dental implant.

In every clinical situation there are a wide variety of treatment options that can be undertaken. As practitioners we owe our patients to be able to provide a wide range of treatment options based on, the clinical situation, age, economical considerations of the patient, and the best available clinical evidence of successful treatment modality. Patients are also becoming more educated in the available dental treatments and demands for conservative approach. This paper offers the treatment approach that preserves tooth structure in cases that are carefully selected. The molar tooth with extensive decay affected by endo-perio combined disease threatens the loss of the tooth. Hemi-section of the effected tooth allows the preservation of tooth structure, alveolar bone and cost savings (time and money) over other treatment options. In the right situation a fine restorative result can easily be attained using the root-section option.

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