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Introduction: The anthropometric indices (Body Mass Index [BMI], Waist Hip Ratio [WHR] and Waist-to-HeighT Ratio [WHtR]) & Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index have been well documented to be highly correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, it is not proven which indicator would be optimal for screening people at risk of T2DM. Hence, this study is intended to correlate the aforementioned markers with Glycemic Parameters in Newly Diagnosed T2DM patients. Aims and Objectives: To determine the correlation of Triglyceride Glucose (TyG) Index, BMI, Waist Hip Ratio, Waist Height Ratio with FPG, 2hrPPG, HbA1c in Newly Diagnosed T2DM Patients. Material and Methods: The study included 203 patients with Newly Diagnosed T2DM visiting IMS & SUM Hospital OPD from May to October 2022. Baseline History, Demographic Data, Height, Weight, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, FPG, 2hrPPG, HbA1c, Lipid Profile were documented. The TyG Index defined as ln [FPG (mg/dL) × fasting TG (mg/dL)/2] was calculated. Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) & Body Adiposity Index (BAI) were also computed. Statistical Analysis of data was done using Pearson Correlation and Multiple Logistic Regression. Results: Out of Study Population of 203,60.5% (121) were Males & 39.5% (82) Females. Proportion of individuals from Rural Area was higher (84.6%). 95% were Non-Vegetarians or Mixed Diet.> 75% of the population was Overweight or Obese. Based on WHR, almost 38% Males and 60% of the Females were above range of 0.85 and 0.70, respectively. 2/3rd of patients had associated Hypertension. Mean VAI 5.59 ± 2.06882 in Males v/s 4.74 ± 2.84 Females. Mean BAI 25.49 ± 8.63 in Males v/s 33.87 ± 11.78 Females. HbA1c, Systolic Blood Pressure, BAI correlated positively with BMI. Age at Presentation positively correlated with the WHtR (r-0.1905, p < 0.024). WHR showed significant positive correlation (r = 0.173, p < 0.036) with HbA1c compared to BMI (r = -0.087, p 0.234) and WHtR (r = -0.050, p 0.544). With 95% CI, Mean Age at Presentation was 46 ± 10.1 years, BMI (kg/m2) was 26.3 (SD ± 5.8), HbA1C (%) was 9.6 (SD ± 2.1), FPG (mg/dL) was 203 (SD ± 82), 2hrPPG was 300 (SD ± 99). Total Cholesterol (TC) 197 (SD ± 40), TG 236 (SD ± 51), LDL-C 123 (SD ± 35), HDL-C 44 (SD ± 9.4). Mean TyG Index was 5.9 (SD ± 0.36). TyG Index showed Significant Positive Correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.355, p <0.003), FPG (r = 0.676, p < 0.0001), 2hrPPG (r = 0.632, p < 0.0001), TC (r = 0.465, p < 0.0001), LDL-C (r = 0.323, p < 0.0001) and TG (r = 0. 664, p < 0.0001), Positive Correlation across HbA1c Groups-5.1 (HbA1c < 7%), 5.3 (HbA1c 7-9%) & 5.5 (HbA1c >11%), Positive Correlation with VAI (r = 0.465, p < 0.0001) but not with BAI (r = 0.107, p 0.333), Comparable values across Categories of BMI- Normal Weight (BMI < 18.5-22.9) Kg/m2), Overweight (BMI 23-24.9 Kg/m2), Obese I (BMI 25-29.9 Kg/m2) & Obese II (BMI >30 Kg/m2), Comparable values in Males (Mean 5.23 ± 0.38) and Females (Mean 5.25393 ± 0.31). Conclusions: Rural Population still needs more Awareness & Screening Programmes. TyG Index and Waist Hip Ratio can be used as Simple Tools for Screening People at Risk for T2DM. TyG Index is a useful Predictor of Glycemic Status across BMI Categories.

Background: Hypogonadism is a common finding in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is quite prevalent in the male patients. Thirty-three to fifty seven percent of T2DM men have low serum testosterone levels. When symptoms of hypogonadism are also taken into account, prevalence falls to 15- 20 percent. Insulin resistance is a major determinator of many macrovascular complications in diabetes. Aim: This study was designed to see the relationship between hypogonadism and insulin resistance. Secondary aim was to look whether this relationship was independent of obesity, microvascular or macrovascular complications. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprises of 353 diabetic men. Hypogonadism was defined as per the guidelines laid by the endocrine society. Insulin resistance was measured by HOMA IR. Results: The study found a significant inverse correlation between hypogonadism and insulin resistance. On applying regression analysis, hypogonadism is associated with insulin resistance (odds ratio: 1.088, 95% CI = 1.037-1.141, p value = 0.001). Conclusion: Insulin resistance is strongly associated with hypogonadism independent of obesity and complication status of diabetes. This association provide a possible path for intervention.

Objective: To compare concordance/discordance rates in prediction model of 10-year probability of hip and major osteoporoticfractures (MOF) utilizing Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) calculations with and withoutbone mineral density (BMD). Furthermore, we aim to characterize difference in various parameters between concordant and discordant groups based on above prediction tool. Method: A retrospective review of patients who underwent BMD measurement and FRAX assessment was conducted. Patients > 40 years were included and FRAX prediction scores were calculated with and without BMD using the FRAX India tool. Subjects were separated on the basis of identical and different treatment recommendations. Fracture risk factors were compared between groups using simple Student’s t test analysis of numerical variables and Fisher’s exact test analysis of binary variables. Results: Out of total 354 subjects, 285 (80.50%) had similar management outcomes with or without BMD in FRAX estimation. The discordant group had a higher mean age (63.1 years; p <0.00024) with similar BMI status. Glucocrticoid use was significantly more prevalent in discordant group (40.5% vs. 27.7%; p <0.03) whereas history of parent hip fracture was more frequent in concordant group (11.6% vs. 2.9%; p <0.03). Conclusion: In most cases, FRAX alone provided the same prediction as FRAX with BMD in fracture prediction models required for management recommendation in majority of cases in our cohort. Older age and priorglucocorticoid use are more frequently seen in discordant group whereas prevalence of parent hip fracture was common in concordant group.

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