Aim:The aim of the study is to quantify the amount of debris extrusion after instrumentation with single-file rotary and reciprocating systems used either with conventional irrigation (CI) or passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) systems.Methodology:Sixty extracted human mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 30); rotary single-file system, One Shape (OS-Group 1) and reciprocating single-file system, WaveOne (WO-Group 2) instruments. The two groups were further subdivided into two subgroups (n = 15); (A) PUI and (B) CI. The apically extruded debris was collected in preweighed glass vials as per the Myers and Montgomery method. After drying, the mean weight of debris was assessed with a microbalance and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Student's t-test.Results:The reciprocating file system produced significantly more debris compared to the rotary file system using either of the irrigation systems (P = 0.04). CI produced significantly more (P = 0.02) debris extrusion compared to PUI irrespective of the file system used.Conclusion:Under the conditions of this study, both systems caused apical debris extrusion. Rotary single-file system produced less debris extrusion compared to reciprocating single-file system. Use of PUI may be advocated as an alternative to CI, as it causes lesser apical debris extrusion.

Aim: To determine the pulpal sensory thresholds in human teeth using different conducting media and to check presence of gender based differences. Materials and Methods:The study was performed on 40 maxillary central incisors in 40 healthy participants, 20 males and 20 age-matched females. The three conducting media tested were gel based product -Lox 2% Jelly and toothpastes-Sensodyne Repair and Protect & Meswak. The media were used in random order and each medium was tested twice on the tooth with 1 minute interval. The tooth probe of the tester was coated with a thin layer of the test medium and a stimulus was applied on the tooth until felt by the participant. At the faintest sensation felt by the patient, the sensory threshold value and the pain scores were recorded. The mean of the two threshold values for each conducting medium and the VAS scores were used for ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis. Results: Sensory threshold values elicited by Lox 2% Jelly was significantly lower than the other conducting media (P < 0.001). Gender wise comparision revealed that males have a higher sensory threshold value. Significant difference was noted between male and female readings in Lox 2% Jelly group (P = 0.003) whereas highly significant difference was noted in Sensodyne Repair & Protect (P < 0.001) and Meswak groups (P < 0.001) Conclusion: Pulpal sensory thresholds to electric stimuli generated by EPT differ according to the conducting media used and gender.