Both aluminium and ethanol are pro-oxidants and toxic. Uncontrolled use of aluminium and increasing trends of ethanol consumption in India increased the chance of coexposure to aluminium and ethanol. There are possibilities, that both of them follow common mechanisms to produce reproductive toxicity. The present study was planned to identify the effects of aluminium administration on the microscopic structure of ovary and to clarify any possible protection conferred by the concomitant administration of ethanol. Sixteen female rats divided into one control and three experimental groups exposed to aluminium (4.2mg/kg body weight) and ethanol (1gm/kg body weight) for 3 months. After the exposure period, ovaries were processed for light microscopic examination. Ovary showed significant atretic follicles with degenerated ova and vacuolation. Rupture of zona pellucida in oocyte seen in aluminium treated animals. Ethanol treated group showing absence of growing follicles, increased large corpora lutea. Dilated and congested vessels were observed in the growing follicle. The effects of combined administration of aluminium and ethanol treated groups showed with acute degeneration of growing follicles, with desquamation of pyknotic granulosa cells and degenerated oocyte. Multiple vacuoles of degenerated granulosa cells with dilated congested vessels and edema seen. Hyaline material seen inside the degenerating follicles. It has been suggested that the ethanol induced augmentation of impacts of aluminium on the Ovary.

SUMMARY: Total and unicompartmental joints replacements have become the main standard for the treatment of degenerative disorders and osteoarthritis of the knee. In total knee arthroplasty less than half an inch (9 mm) of the tibial and femoral articular surfaces are removed from the ends of bones and replace the metal and plastic prosthesis. There by the dimensions of each condyle are requisite for designing prosthesis required for knee arthroplasty. Fifty (25 right & 25 left) adult fully ossied dry tibias were taken from the Department of Anatomy and morphometric measurements of medial and lateral condyle were taken by using a Vernier caliper. Statistical analysis of the parameters was done. Present study, the mean anteroposterior, the transverse diameter of medial and lateral condyles of tibia were 45.71±3.17, 29.75±2.95, and 39.71±3.09, 30.24±2.45 mm respectively. The mean mediolateral length of total tibia and the mean circumference of the upper tibia were 69.35±5.08 and 191.49±14.85 mm respectively. The results of this study will be helpful for anatomists, anthropologists, and orthopedics in cases of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, complete knee arthroplasty procedures, and meniscal transplantation.