Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia are hereditary disorders of hemoglobin (Hb) affecting mankind at prevalent regional level. Automated cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography is being increasingly used as the initial diagnostic method for identifying normal and abnormal hemoglobin variants. Methodology:Total 2035 sample received and studied. All samples run on cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography machine by BIO-RAD.Results: Total 386(18.96%) cases had abnormal hemoglobin fractions. Beta thalassemia major cases were 17(0.83%). Beta thalassemia intermedia cases were 4(0.19%). Sickle cell trait (heterozygous Hb S) cases were 96(4.71%). Double heterozygous for sickle cell-beta thalassemia cases were 14(0.68%). There were 06 cases (0.29%) of Hb D heterozygous. There were one each case of Hb E heterozygous and Hb E-beta thalassemia (0.04% each). Hb F was raised in 7 adult cases (0.34%). Conclusion:To conclude, cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography is less time consuming, cost effective, labor saving, reproducible, accurate, sensitive and specific method to detect hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia. Most of the abnormal cases are diagnosed with this method, with few inconclusive cases require further genetic and molecular workup.

Introduction: An ovarian cyst is a liquid or semi-liquid material filled sac in an ovary. Proper management depends on the histomorphological division of non neoplastic & benign and malignant neoplastic lesions. So this study was done to differentiate the lesion histomorphologically and to know the commonest lesion in each age group. Objectives: To study age wise incidence, nonneoplastic, benign and malignant spectrum of ovarian cystic lesions. Methods: A retrospective histo-pathological study of 100 cases of nonneoplastic and neoplastic cystic lesions of ovary was conducted. Result: We found that out of 100 cases, 58% were non neoplastic and 42% were neoplastic. Benign cystic teratoma was the most common neoplastic condition. Follicular cyst was the commonest nonneoplastic condition. Conclusion: Histomorphological parameters along with advanced newer diagnostic modalities like immunohistochemistry can help to do early diagnosis and plan the line of treatment & they have effect on prognostic significance.

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INTRODUCTIONTuberculosis is a worldwide, chronic communicable bacterial disease. It is a very strange disease because of its varied clinical presentation, host response, chemotherapeutic response, etiology and social implications. It continues to be one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It infects one third of the world's population at any point of time. There are approximately 9 million new cases of all forms of TB occurring annually and 3 million people dying from it each year. 95 % of cases and 98 % of the TB deaths are contributed by developing countries.1 India is the highest TB burden country accounting for one fifth of the global incidence and it is 17 th among 22 high TB burden countries in terms of TB incidence rate.2 Every year, ABSTRACTBackground: Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It infects one third of the world's population at any point of time. Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of tuberculosis, which is often difficult to diagnose and therefore difficult to treat effectively. Pediatric TB results from failure of TB control in adults. The objective of the study was to study socio demographic profile of pediatric tuberculosis patients. Methods: This cross sectional observational, descriptive epidemiological study was conducted at GMERS medical college and hospital Dharpur-Patan located in north Gujarat during January 2015 to June 2015. The study was conducted among all the 151 pediatric TB patients who were currently under treatment at selected Hospital. Parents of the patient were informed about the purpose of the study and their informed written consent was taken. By interviewing them on the basis of pre-designed and pre tested proforma, socio demographic information was collected. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS 17 Trial version). Results: Out of 151 pediatric patients 87 (57.6%) were male. Age range of the children was 1 to 14 years. In our study mean age of children was 8. Conclusions:Apart from pharmacological treatment, poor housing condition and illiteracy of the parents of these patients need to be addressed.

Meningioma is a common benign intracranial neoplasm. The incidence of an extracranial extension to other sites is rare. Due to the neglected intracranial component, the chances of an under diagnosis or a misdiagnosis of the extracranial component is there, which may adversely affect the management and therefore, the prognosis. Here, we are reporting a case of a 39 years old male patient with a preoperative probable diagnosis of a malignant bone tumour which involved the skull bone, which was made, based on the imaging studies , which was histopathologically found to be an invasive meningioma with an extensive extracranial skull vault involvement and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. We have proposed a term, "carpet meningioma" for this extracranial invasive meningioma, because it had covered the skull vault like a carpet. The follow up studies after 1 year have revealed no evidence of a recurrence. CASE REPORTA 39 year old male patient was referred to our hospital for the complaint of recurrent headache since 20years and progressive disfigurement of face since 15years.He had no other significant complaints. On examination there was presence of approximately 13x10x6cm sized swelling over scalp extending from frontal to occipital region with firm consistency. A CT scan was done which was inconclusive with remote possibility of malignant transformation to oestosarcoma was given. Then MRI was ordered.[Table/ Fig-1] MRI of the brain with contrast: There was an evidence of a large soft tissue intensity lesion which involved the scalp on the right side, which had an approximate size of 10x10x6cm. The lesion was hypointense on the T1W images and it showed an intense enhancement on the post contrast study. The lesion involved all the layers of the scalp and it extended to involve the skull vault, with widening and marrow replacement in the diploic space. A large intracranial extension was seen in the form of an enhancing epidural component in the right frontoparietal region, with a maximum width of 3.4cm. The possibility of a malignant degeneration of some primary bony pathology was given.