In this chapter, a more accurate method for estimating economic order quantity (EOQ) is suggested. This method improves accuracy by using uncertain external additional information about market demand. External additional information can be available in form of summary statistics (sample means, sample quantiles) and their uncertainty measures (confidence intervals, widths of confidence intervals, standard errors, sample variances, or sample standard deviations). Annual demand was estimated by average sales and improved with the use of uncertain quantile information. It is shown that uncertain additional information can reduce variance of the estimator. This new approach is illustrated using sales data of midsize retail company.

Предложен более точный подход к расчету показателей оборачиваемости оборотных средств предприятия с использованием дополнительной информации об известном квантиле заданного уровня функции распределения стоимости оборотных средств, основанный на модифицированной оценке математического ожидания, которая является несмещенной, асимптотически нормальной с дисперсией, в асимптотике не превосходящей дисперсию обычного выборочного среднего. С помощью имитационного моделирования исследовано поведение модифицированного среднего с учетом квантиля для малых объемов выборок, для ряда распределений показана достаточно большая скорость сходимости к асимптотическому результату; выявлено, что при малых объемах выборок и при уровне квантиля, близком к единице, а при нормальном распределении и близком к нулю, модифицированную оценку использовать не следует. Методика апробировалась на реальных данных. С помощью бутстреп-моделирования получены доверительные интервалы для средних значений показателей оборачиваемости. Ключевые слова: дополнительная информация; квантиль; среднее с учетом квантиля; оборачиваемость.

The article presents the morphological and functional characteristics of the knee joint muscles in representatives of the feline family. When studying the structural and functional features of the knee joint, a comprehensive methodological approach was used, including fine anatomical dissection, biomechanical modeling with subsequent analysis of the studied structures and survey radiography. The objects of research were 10 cats of both sexes in the age range from 1 to 6 years, without pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, kept at home. Based on the conducted studies, both general patterns and specific features of the anatomical organization of the knee joint muscles in representatives of the feline family have been established. The revealed specific features are expressed in cats in the specific anatomical design of the tailor's muscle, consolidated with topographically conjugated fascial formations. A semi-webbed muscle, which is characterized by uneven development of its parts, as well as a slender muscle, the aponeurosis of which is involved in the formation of the achilles. Based on the results of biomechanical modeling, it was found that the features of the anatomical design of the knee joint muscles determine their functional purpose. It is shown that the strainer of the wide fascia of the thigh, being a multi-articular muscle, bends the hip, unbends and supinates the knee joint in synergy with the semi-tendon and popliteal muscles. The biceps femoral muscle in the limb support phase participates through its cranial head in the extension of the knee joint, and the slender muscle initiates its flexion and pronation. The revealed features of the distribution of sesamoid bones in the knee joint in a domestic cat may have an applied value in the issues of objective decoding of radiographic information, as well as differential diagnosis of arthropathies of the knee joint. The obtained normative data can be used in assessing the condition of the musculoskeletal system of the studied animals, deviations in its morphogenesis and deciphering the mechanism of myopathy development.

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