В статье предложена и апробирована методика приведения бюджета Российской империи в 1803-1913 гг. к единым, сопоставимым показателям. Был получен реконструированный длинный временной ряд за 111 лет по совокупной доходно-расходной части государственного бюджета. На примере обыкновенных расходов страны было проиллюстрировано и объяснено расхождение между номинальными и реальными данными. В заключении обозначены перспективы практического применения методики. Реконструированный и номинальный ряд по бюджету доступен в Интернете в виде файла программы MS Excel для использования в научных и образовательных целях всеми заинтересованными лицами. Адрес статьи: www.

The article analyses the interaction of inflation processes in the Russian Empire in the period from 1913 to October 1917 and the collapse of cereal supply in Moscow and Petersburg provinces before and during the unfolding revolutionary events. The correlation analysis indicates strong inverse relation between these processes, where inflation was a primary cause and shortage of bread - a resultant one. Relying on official statistical data the authors for the first time prove that undersupply of cereal was caused by devaluation of currency (by 96% in Petrograd and by 93% in Moscow).

The study raises the problem of analyzing the class structure of the city of Nizhny Novgorod according to the General Land Survey of 1784. Based on the materials of the Catalog of Owners in the citywide plan, the distribution of urban citizenship, nobility, clergy, and military is studied in comparison with the all-Russian data on the class status of the cities at the end of the 18th century. A relational database was developed for the analysis. The conclusion is made about the flourishing of merchants and philistines, who made up 80 % of the population and an extremely small number of peasants-land owners (3 %). The novelty of the study, among other things, is to establish the fact of the predominance of private small-scale land ownership, which represented 95 % of the land ownership of the city. It was found that despite the leading industrial and commercial function of Nizhny Novgorod and strong citizenship, 53 % of land plots were associated with agriculture (commercial gardening), which confirms the well-known phenomenon of “vegetable gardens in the city” in the pre-reform period.