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The purpose of this article is to investigate whether the wide scope of supply chain collaboration including both customers and suppliers (Upstream–downstream External Collaboration) determines the greening of innovation more significantly than the scope limited only to suppliers (Upstream External Collaboration) or customers (Downstream External Collaboration). This goal was achieved as part of extensive research on the impact of relational capital on the innovativeness of high-tech companies in Poland. The results of the research were analysed using fuzzy conversion scales and descriptive statistics based on triangular fuzzy numbers. The application of the achievements of the fuzzy sets theory made it possible to test the hypotheses presented in the article with the use of fuzzy analysis of variance (fuzzy ANOVA). The findings confirm that the subjective scope of collaboration in the supply chain is important for greening innovation. Companies that cooperate with both suppliers and customers (Upstream–downstream External Collaboration) declared a greater tendency to green their innovations than those that cooperate with only one group of partners. The research findings contribute to the literature on the role of collaboration in the ecological responsibility and environmental performance of supply chain partners. The conclusions may have practical implications for the design and implementation of strategies in sustainable supply chain management. The study provides important lessons for SC managers facing the challenge of sustainable management during and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

The concentration of leptin and apelin in HT-OB children was significantly higher than in the C and HT-NW group. A similar finding for leptin level was demonstrated in comparison of HT-NW with C group. In children with HT-OB, the lack of decline in nocturnal DBP was associated with significantly higher BMI and the Cole's Index value. Children with HT-OB and lack of decline in nocturnal SBP showed lower leptin and insulin concentrations, and lower values of HOMA-IR as compared with dipping children. Positive correlation in the whole study group was found between adipokines levels and BP measurements. In conclusion, children with primary HT show higher concentration of adipokines compared with their healthy peers. The data on relationship of serum adipokines levels with anthropometric and BP parameters in children may be helpful to clarify the sequence of disturbances in the cardiovascular system in adults, which requires further examination.

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Artykuł omawia siedem głównych wad certyfikacji systemów zarządzania jakością, którymi są: duża pracochłonność i czasochłonność, bardzo wysokie koszty, nadmierna formalizacja procesów, marginalizacja istotnych obszarów zarządzania, spowalnianie procesu rzeczywistej integracji dostawców na podstawie partnerstwa, zaufania i wzajemnej korzyści, koncentracja na zarządzaniu operacyjnym oraz nie kontrolowane zmiany w hierarchii organizacyjnej. Przedstawione w artykule opinie i wątpliwości wskazują, że liczne pułapki na drodze do uzyskania certyfikatów mogą utrudniać sprawne i efektywne funkcjonowanie organizacji.