The aim of the research presented in this article was to develop a comprehensive model and measurement of marital goals. The aim of Study 1 was to validate the initial model of marital goals according to Schwartz's model of values (defined as general transsituational goals). The sample consisted of 684 participants (50% female), all of whom were either married or cohabiting couples aged between 25 and 60 years (M = 37.2; SD = 5.3). The obtained results led to a modification of our initial theoretical model. In the final version of the model, we distinguished eight types of marital goals located in a circular way around two basic dimensions that were similar but not identical to those of Schwartz's model: (1) oneself versus other focus and (2) relationship commitment versus avoidance. We validated the model in Study 2 in another sample of 1268 participants (50% female) with married couples aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 47.2; SD = 16.1). The measurement model was confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis; the circular structure was confirmed through multidimensional scaling; the validity of the distinguished goals was confirmed through correlational analyses with value priorities, and marital satisfaction.

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Teoria przywiązania jest jedną z koncepcji psychologicznych wyjaśniających związek wczesnodziecięcych doświadczeń (w relacji z opiekunami) z wieloma problemami w dalszym życiu (zaburzeniami emocjonalnymi, zaburzeniami osobowości, zaburzeniami więzi). Badacze za jej pomocą próbują też wyjaśnić powstawanie uzależnień, w tym zwłaszcza uzależnienia od seksu. Droga od stylu przywiązania w dzieciństwie do uzależnienia może prowadzić poprzez mechanizm zaburzonej regulacji afektu, mechanizm neurologiczny i poznawczy. W literaturze opisana jest także specyfika rodziny pochodzenia (stylu wychowania, klimatu emocjonalnego) osób uzależnionych od seksu. Dodatkowo na plan pierwszy obok doświadczeń wczesnodziecięcych wyłania się etiologia kulturowo-społeczna zachowań seksualnych o cechach uzależnienia. Badacze postulują by spojrzeć na zachowania seksualne z kategorii hiperseksualizmu, OCSB (out-of-control sexual behaviour – zachowanie seksualne poza kontrolą) czy uzależnienia od seksu z nowej perspektywy. Przemiany społeczne, kulturowe i technologiczne sprawiły, że o ile do tej pory w grupie ryzyka uzależnień (w tym uzależnienia od seksu) były głównie osoby z trudnym dzieciństwem, o tyle w obecnej rzeczywistości społecznej wszyscy są w grupie ryzyka, a całe otoczenie staje się wielką kulturą uzależnień.

The article presents two experiments validating the dimensional model of parenting by Skinner, Johnson, and Snyder (2005). This model synthesizes various constructs related to parent-child relations from the recent literature. On the basis of a broad literature review, this model distinguishes three conceptual dimensions: warmth – rejection, structure – chaos, and autonomy support – coercion. Skinner et al. (2005)’s model was intended to integrate a number of theoretical constructs of parent-child relations. Thus, the distinguishability of its constituent parts is key. The following article describes a validation of the model in Poland. The first study was carried out on a sample of 969 adolescents, and the second – on a sample of 269 parents. In the adolescent sample, the measurement model achieved a good fit to data, but the individual constructs were highly intercorrelated, which weakened the rationale for distinguishing them. In the parent sample, high correlations between the constructs led to a poor fit to data. Thus, only a general measure of parent-child relation quality was obtained. A bi-factor analysis was also ran to determine the role of specific factors generated alongside the general factor. The validation was a partial success in the parent sample, for which a short version of the questionnaire measuring warmth, structure, and autonomy support was developed.