No abstract

Poland’s management of municipal waste, which amounts to over 13 million tons/year, is not efficient—about 60% of the waste is subjected to recovery processes, about 20% of all municipal waste is converted into energy, and almost 40% is landfilled. The authors of this article recognize the potential of pyrolysis as a method of the thermal processing of waste allowing the potential of the energy contained in the waste to be utilized. Pyrolysis is an economically attractive alternative to incineration, with a significantly lower environmental impact, allowing efficient waste management and the use of pyrolysis by-products in the energy sector (pyrolysis gas), or in the building materials sector (biochar). Despite so many advantages, this method is not employed in Poland. The aim of the paper is to indicate a recommended strategy for the application of pyrolysis in Poland as a method of the thermal processing of municipal solid waste. SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis was used as a research method. In the first step, on the basis of the literature review, the factors which may affect the use of pyrolysis in Poland were identified. In the second step, five experts evaluated the weights of those factors and the interactions between them. The products of the weights and interactions allowed, in accordance with SWOT analysis methodology, the most desirable strategy of pyrolysis application in Poland to be determined, which turned out to be an aggressive one. This means that pyrolysis as a thermal waste processing method should be implemented on a large scale in Poland to improve the indicators of municipal waste management.

No abstract

Social media-especially for young generation Z-have become an essential tool for establishing private, professional and consumer relations. People from generation Z constitute an increasingly demanding group of customers. The aim of the paper is to find out how representatives of generation Z assess the creation of a company profile by an enterprise on social media, and to indicate the actions taken by an enterprise on its social media company profile that had the biggest impact on representatives of generation Z's decisions to make a purchase. As well as literature review, a survey was conducted among 233 students-representatives of generation Z. Analysis of the gathered empirical data gave grounds for verifying the research hypotheses formulated in the paper and concluding that most of the surveyed representatives of generation Z consider a company profile to be a valuable source of information about the company and its offer. Moreover, actions taken by entrepreneurs on their company profiles impact purchasing decisions of representatives of generation Z. Actions with the biggest impact on their purchasing decisions include: publishing information about promotion and receipt of a discount coupon. Additionally, the strength of the relationships between the analysed variables and the respondent's gender and place of residence was verified.

Apetyt na ryzyko został uznany zarówno przez teoretyków, jak i praktyków międzynarodowych za fundamentalny i krytyczny element zarządzania ryzykiem w organizacjach. Biorąc pod uwagę fakt, że ani w literaturze przedmiotu, ani w praktyce gospodarczej nie ma zgodności, co do jednoznaczności definicji apetytu na ryzyko, oraz że występuje różnorodna terminologia towarzysząca temu pojęciu, można mówić o konieczności uporządkowania pojęć należących do obszaru zarządzania ryzykiem. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba ustalenia odpowiedzi na pytania Czym jest apetyt na ryzyko w działalności przedsiębiorstw? oraz Czy i jakie pojęcia powinny mu towarzyszyć? W artykule wykorzystano krytyczną analizę literatury przedmiotu