Przyjmuje się, że pojawienie się prekariatu na współczesnych rynkach pracy wiąże się z nasileniem procesu globalizacji, zmian technologicznych oraz umocnieniem neoliberalnych strategii akcentujących w sposób szczególny potrzebę podnoszenia innowacyjności i konkurencyjności gospodarek. W konsekwencji przybiera na sile zjawisko zatrudnienia prekaryjnego utożsamianego z zatrudnieniem niepewnym, bez zabezpieczeń i perspektyw, głównie tymczasowego, często nisko opłacanego. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja przyczyn i skali prekariatu na polskim rynku pracy. Wykorzystano w tym celu dostępne dane statystyczne GUS, Eurostatu oraz te pochodzące z Diagnozy Społecznej.

Data delivered by Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy (MFLSP) prove the growing scale of economic immigration to Poland from culturally and geographically close countries. Increased inflow of employees from other countries, mainly from Ukraine, is also noticeable in Lubuskie voivodship. The purpose of the article is to identify the scale and structure of the phenomenon of economic immigration in the aforemen-tioned region according to selected features.In the study data of Statistics Poland, Statistical Office in Zielona Góra, MFLSP and Voivodship Labour Office in Zielona Góra were used for the period 2014—2017.In particular, the ethnic structure of immigrants andthe structure of industries was examined,in which labour demand is satisfied on the basis of foreign labour force.The conducted analysis confirmed both the intensified need forsup-plementingthe labour demand of immigrants in Lubuskie voivodship and the changed structure of their distribution on the Polish labour market. Foreigners employed in Lubuskie voivodship work mainly in transport and storage, manufacturing, as well as in adminis-trative activitiesand construction. In turn, the largest deficits of employees concern machine operators and assemblers, industrial workers, craftsmen and employees performing simple works. The conclusion from the analysis of secondary data was consistent with the results of the unstructured interview carried out in January 2018 with representatives of thejob agency from Lubuskie voivodship.

The growing dynamics of the aging of the labour force in Poland creates the need for action directed at effective use of professional potential of the elderly. The aim of the article is to analyze their self‑employment treated as a manifestation of individual entrepreneurship. The starting point of considerations is the presentation of arguments justifying the need to increase entrepreneurship among the elderly. We analyzed the factors encouraging older people to start their own business, as well as barriers to this process. The article uses data made available by Eurostat.

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