The paper gives the analysis of the influence of water temperature on the structure of metabolic energy in carp and silver carp of different age groups. The thermophilic species
of carp and spotted silver carp cultivated in the polyculture with natural nutritive base served as the material for a research conducted in a hatchery “Individual Enterprise of Alekseeva M. V.” in Kuzovatovsky district of the Ulyanovsk region. Analysis of fish metabolic energy was made using the mean of live weight of yearlings and two-year-old species of carp and silver carp. As a result, there have been obtained the values of the metabolic energy in fingerlings and two-year-old species of carp and silver carp at different ranges of water temperature. Metabolism in carp and silver carp species being representatives of thermophilic fish is most effective at temperatures within +18-+30°С. The study showed that a decrease in water temperature by 5°C (from 20 to 15°C) causes a decrease in food activity, the daily feed intake of yearlings and two-year-old species of carp and silver carp decreased by 35-40%. Expense for the basal metabolism and growth did not change. Metabolic energy was used by 10.8-13,3.0 kJ less. Also, yearlings and two-year-old species of carp and silver carp spent less energy on motion activity than in the warmer water. Thus, under a decrease in the water temperature in the pond the costs of maintaining thermal homeostasis in fish increased, while the costs of basal metabolism, on the contrary, decreased. Situation is quite different when the water is warmed up.
The article presents the results of the study of plant species of Spiraea L. when cultivated in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology. The studied taxa of nine Spiraea species are represented by plants of the generative period aged 10-40 years or more. Observations of the objects were carried out in 2013-2020. The description of the habitus and morphological features of plants: shoots, leaves, inflorescences and flowers are given. The average terms and duration of flowering of introduced plants are established. The comparative assessment of the decorative qualities of species samples was carried out using three different methods. The studied plants are characterized by a long flowering period – up to 50 days. A wide variety of decorative qualities allows us to attribute most of them to the group of highly decorative species. The most decorative species include plants Spiraea chamaedryfolia, S. media and S. trilobata. Plants of nine studied Spiraea species can be recommended for landscaping of the northern region. Keywords: SPIRAEA L., SPECIES, INTRODUCTION, SHRUBS, FLOWERING, DECORATIVE QUALITIES
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