We examine nine changes in the New York State Security Transaction Taxes (STT) between 1932 and 1981. We find that imposing or increasing an STT results in wider bidask spreads, lower volume, and increased price impact of trades. In contrast to theories of STT imposition as a means to reduce volatility, we find no consistent relationship between the level of an STT and volatility. We examine the propensity of traders to switch trading locations to avoid the tax and find no consistent evidence that they will change locations. We do find evidence to suggest that taxes imposed on the par value of stock will result in corporations managing the par value in the direction of minimizing the impact of the tax on investors.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. iii Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe analyze trading dynamics as successive high-frequency trading (HFT) firms begin to trade stocks in an equity market. Entrants compete with incumbents for volume, and there is crowding out. Earlier entry is associated with larger effects. After Passive HFT entry, incumbent spreads tighten. After Aggressive HFT entry, incumbent order flow loses informedness. Revenue data suggest entry reduces the profitability of HFT activity. The results show that part of the value of HFT comes from its competitiveness. JEL classification: G20, G14, L1Bank classification: Financial markets; Market structure and pricing RésuméLes auteurs analysent la dynamique des échanges après que des entreprises qui font des transactions à haute fréquence eurent commencé successivement à négocier des titres sur le marché des actions. Les nouveaux venus rivalisent avec les acteurs déjà présents pour obtenir plus de volume, ce qui entraîne un effet d'éviction. Les effets exercés par les premiers entrants sont plus prononcés. L'entrée de participants passifs donne lieu à un resserrement de la fourchette de cotation pour les participants existants. Après l'arrivée de participants agressifs, le contenu informationnel du flux d'ordres des participants existants diminue. En outre, les données tendent à indiquer une baisse de rentabilité des transactions à haute fréquence. Les résultats de l'étude montrent que l'intérêt de la négociation à haute fréquence réside en partie dans la compétitivité de cette activité.Classification JEL : G20, G14, L1 Classification de la Banque : Marchés financiers; Structure de marché et fixation des prix 2
We study changes in market quality associated with 9 modifications to the New York State securities transaction tax (STT) between 1932 and 1981 and 3 changes to the federal STT between 1932 and 1966. We find that when there is an increase in the level of an STT, individual stock volatility increases, bid–ask spreads widen, price impacts are greater, and volume decreases. We examine the propensity of traders to switch trading locations to avoid the tax and find mixed evidence that they will change locations. Overall, our findings support the notion that the imposition of or increases in an STT harm market quality.
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