No abstract

We współczesnych gospodarkach usługi odgrywają kluczową rolę, stanowiąc największe źró- dło przyrostu miejsc pracy, determinują sprawny przebieg procesów produkcyjnych, a część z nich służy zaspokajaniu potrzeb społecznych ludności. Jednak ze względu na zanikanie podziału gospodarki na trzy sektory coraz ważniejsze stają się zmiany zachodzące wewnątrz sektorów. Stąd celem artykułu jest rozpo- znanie stanu rozwoju sektora usług w Polsce w latach 1995–2014 z uwzględnieniem zmian wewnątrzsekto- rowych oraz prognoza zatrudnienia do 2022 roku. Badania w obszarze przemian strukturalnych na rynku pracy umożliwiają ocenę poziomu rozwoju sektora usług w Polsce oraz wskazanie istotnych czynników de- terminujących tę sytuację. Realizacja tak sformułowanego celu wymagała odniesienia się do następujących kwestii: 1) determinant rozwoju sektora usług, 2) charakterystyki KIBS, 3) analizy zmian zatrudnienia w sek- torze usług oraz KIBS w latach 1995–2014 oraz 4) perspektyw dalszego rozwoju trzeciego sektora oraz KIBS w Polsce.

The article is a discussion concerning the essence and importance of reconciliation between work and family life during the COVID-19 pandemic The lack of harmony between various spheres of life brings many negative consequences, both at the micro (individual, organizational) as well as macro (society) level. Too many hours spent at work can lead to employee fatigue, dissatisfaction and absenteeism. On the other hand, problems in private life can affect the efficiency of employees. Considering the above, the purpose of the article is to present the essence of the conflict between work and private life in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic as an important element of the quality of life. The implementation of the goal formulated in this way required the following research questions:• Has the pandemic influenced the assessment of the work-life balance? • Has the pandemic affected the satisfaction with the amount and way of spending free time?• Are there any differences between women and men? Considering that the measurement of work life balance as well as the impact of this phenomenon on quality of life is problematic the research, using the diagnostic survey method, was conducted in Poland in December 2020. The survey questionnaire was developed by the employees of the

Knowledge-intensive business services are one of the most dynamically developing areas in contemporary economies and at the same time they constitute one of the fundamental pillars of a knowledge economy. The services are provided by private enterprises, the activity of which is mostly based on the professional knowledge of workers. They supply knowledge-based products and services delivering satisfaction to intermediate demand. These are related, among others, to research and development activity, legal activity, activity in the sphere of architecture and engineering or information technology services. Interest in knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) is a result of rapidly occurring changes in recent decades, the creation of a knowledge economy and an information society, the growing importance of knowledge and human capital as well as innovativeness. The goal of the article is to present the changes occurring in the sphere of KIBS in Poland between 2005 and 2012 with special attention focussed on employment and its forecast.

In formulated long-term strategy "Europe 2020" attention is focussed on problems in the sphere of employment. Therefore one of the objectives of the strategy is to reach the employment rate on the level of 75% for women and men aged 20 to 64 by 2020. In National Reform Programs, individual EU member states adjusted their employment objectives to local needs while considering situations on their labour markets and practical probability of changes. Due to differences in social and economic situation in EU-28, and consequences of economic crisis particularly noticeable in individual countries, these objectives are diversified. Achieving the high level of this indicator does not reflect the full situation on the labour market because of rising unemployment and underemployment. Underemployment in the form of over-education, under-qualification or involuntary part-time jobs refers to a growing number of social group, particularly women and young people. The questions that naturally arise from these considerations apply not only to the employment rates, but also to the scale of labour underutilisation, the consequences of this phenomenon for the economy, society, both on micro and macro level. The main research questions are: "What is the scale and dynamics of employment and underemployment in the European Union?", "How big are disparities across UE?", "Is there a relationship between high employment and low underemployment?", "What are the chances to achieve employment objectives in 2020?" Considering the aforementioned conditions, the goal of the paper is to present a diversity in employment and underemployment rate in EU-28 between 2008 and 2014 and to assess a potential probability of achievement of employment objectives by individual member states in the perspective of 2020. The execution of the goal formulated in this way imposed the structure of the paper that includes: 1) definition of underemployment, 2) review of employment objective in "Europe 2020" strategy, 3) analysis of the changes of employment and underemployment in EU-28 between 2000 and 2014, 4) presentation of employment objectives formulated in National Reform programs, and the assessment of their implementation.