Crop insurance is an important financial instrument for the stable and successful functioning of crop production, realized by reducing risks. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to take into account the individual varieties characteristics when insuring agricultural crops with state support. In this case, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to formulate the agricultural crops individual varieties biological characteristics; - to classify all emergencies according to the impact type on plants; - to substantiate (using the example of spring barley) the need to correct the existing approach when concluding crop insurance contracts with state support. When formulating insurance rules, it is necessary to use the capabilities of immunity genetics, which allows it to be rationally and purposefully applied in breeding programs to achieve resistance to abiotic and biotic compensated and non-compensated factors. As can be seen from the presented calculation, it cannot be said that the presence of a variety in the State Register of Breeding Achievements is a prerequisite for its successful cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary for each agricultural crop to identify a number of features, the presence of which makes this variety resistant to the totality of the given microregion all factors.

The role of investments in maintaining, functioning and dynamic development of the country’s economy is enormous and significant. In modern market conditions of competition, the enterprise needs to constantly develop and improve. Consequently, there is a need for investment. Investments allow enterprises to get the opportunity to expand and modernize production, improve the quality of products, expand product markets, thereby increasing competitiveness. In market conditions, investment projects are necessary for everyone: consumers - investors, creditors and the entrepreneur himself, who must carefully analyze the goals set and check their feasibility. Investment decisions are leading factors in the development and increase in the market value of an organization. The article presents the calculation of the attractiveness of an investment project for the processing of whey with the subsequent use of processed products in the production of yogurt. In the course of the study, the following was established, the internal rate of return is 7.31% and shows that at such a rate of profitability, the discounted self-sufficiency of the project is achieved. Based on the calculation, the internal rate of return shows that it is advisable to attract bank loans for financing if the percentage of bank loans is not higher than 7.32%, which will make the project deliberately unprofitable.

Food processing (FP) industries are dominated by thermal inputs for food preservation. Such treatments can, however, contribute to some undesirable changes in the quality attributes and nutritional value of food. Non-thermal storage processes, on the other hand, have a negligible effect on the sensory consistency and nutritional status of food. Food preservation has used food with non-thermal methods with the aim of preserving the nutritious properties and physic-chemical features of foods. In this respect, the pulsed electrical field offers an alternate option for different food items, in particular liquid food products, in order to improve the protection and maintenance of new, consistent aspects of food. Similarly, this study emphasizes the promise of pulsed electric field technology as a useful method for preserving a variety of foods, with a focus on microbial inactivation.The key goal of this research is to find out how widely nonthermal FP equipment is used. Innovative technology can be able to help strike the right balance between protection and minimum processing, as well as sufficient economic constraints and superior efficiency.

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