In this work, the strength properties and thermal stability of composite materials based on butadiene-nitrile rubber with 1D and 2D nanocarbon structures (single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplates) were studied. In the case of using graphene nanoplates as a filler, it was possible to increase the tensile strength by 65 % and the tear resistance by 58 % at room temperature as compared to the original rubber. At high temperatures, the tensile strength of the composite with graphene nanoplates became comparable with the strength of unfilled rubber, which extends its applicability to 125 ºС.