Project Management deals with methodologies for managing projects through an integrated approach. Knowledge, skills, tools and techniques are applied to meet project requirements. The phases include initiation, planning, execution, controlling and closing. Each phase implements relevant processes such as strategy formulation, planning, managing execution, analysing results and suggesting corrective steps. The development of project plan initially defines the scope of the project along with cost, resources, timeline, quality and procurement plans. The baselines and performance measures are essential for appropriate working of the project. The schedule and cost form integral part of planning. Cost management constitute one of the major components of project management. The processes involved in project cost management are cost management planning, cost estimation, cost budgeting and cost control.A transformation in society is initiated through cooperative programs. The socioeconomic conditions are the basis for introducing changes. Typical projects in cooperative sectors are setting up cooperatives, initiatives for enhancing growth, expansion of society, diversification of business, training & development and projects in specific governmental programs. It is required to promote research activities for higher efficiency and performance in management functions. A structured approach is necessary for cooperative organizations engaged in dairy production and processing. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the project management functions and cost management processes across cooperatives. In particular, dairy cooperatives have been analysed to identify well-designed notion.

A prospective study was conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology department, National University Hospital, Singapore to evaluate the effects of mid-trimester amniocentesis on the auditory system in preschool children of about four years of age. Fifty-nine children whose mothers had mid-second trimester amniocentesis and 63 children (control group) whose mothers did not have amniocentesis in that pregnancy were recruited. The children were subjected to audiological tests to assess hearing impedance abnormalities. The incidence of prematurity, neonatal admissions, ear and respiratory infections, auditory function, speech and language development in children were evaluated because these factors have a bearing on the development of auditory impedance abnormalities. There was no significant increase in the neonatal admission rates, impairment of speech and language development and auditory function in children whose mothers had mid-second trimester amniocentesis compared with the control group whose mothers did not have amniocentesis. An incidental finding in this study was an increased incidence of respiratory illnesses in the children in the amniocentesis group (57.6%) compared with the control group (30.1%). This needs further evaluation with a properly designed study.

Blonanserin an antipsychotic novel drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia has antagonist properties for dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2. On the other hand, it lacks adrenergic-α1, muscarinic M1, and histamine H1 antagonist activities. Clinical studies demonstrated in Japan had shown to be more effective for treating negative as well as positive schizophrenic symptoms. This drug was accepted and approved worldwide in the treatment of schizophrenia. A new HPLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of Impurities of Blonanserin (BNS) to ensure that the methodology meets the requirements of the target analysis application. Active and efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a  Zorbax Bonus RP EP C18 column having a particle size of 5μm, with dimensions of 250mm × 4.6 mm, mobile phase containing pH 2.4 buffer and Organic, with 1.0 ml /min flow rate,  column oven temperature at 30oC and the eluent detection at 245 nm. The method shows well-separated impurities, is specific without interference from blank solution with resolution more than 1.2 between any of the impurity, correlation coefficient more than 0.99 showing good linearity; mean recovery ranging from 97% to 105% and is very sensitive at lower detection and quantification limits. This method was well developed and has been applied successfully to monitor and estimate impurities in Blonanserin.

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