Diabetes is a type of disease that threatens human health, which can be diagnosed based on the level of glucose in the blood. Recently, various MOF-based materials have been developed...

Lithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries have been found to have sky-scraping theoretical gravimetric energy density and have gained a lot of interest. However, owing to low electrical conductivity, a conducting substance must be coupled with the sulfur cathode. The first important concern in Li−S is diffusion of lithium polysulfides (PSs), resulting in a shuttle linking both the cathode and anode and rapid capacity of degradation. Plating conventional separators is a kind of alleviation of the shuttle issue.To achieve an advanced Li−S battery, understanding of the structure of PSs needs to be considered to design efficient separator coating materials. The main object of this work is to review the most promising recent challenges and address the application of modified coatings on the polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and glass fiber (GF) separators for high-performance Li−S batteries. The particular focus has been placed on functioning of various functional layers on the surface of PP, PE, and GF, including polymers, carbons, nanomaterials, and their composites. Finally, the polar host materials in the cathode that influence the Li−S performance are summarized.

Lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries with high theoretical energy density (∼2.5 kWh kg −1 ) and high theoretical gravimetric capacity (1672 mAh g −1 ) have drawn great attention as they are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage devices. Unfortunately, some technical obstacles hinder the practical application of Li-S batteries, such as the formation of polysulfide intermediates between the cathode and anode as well as the insulating nature of the sulfur cathode and other discharge products. Glass fiber (GF) separators provide some cavities to withstand the volume change of sulfur during cycling, leading to long-term cycling stability. Here, the application of polar materials with a novel liquid graphene oxide (L-GO) binder rather than the standard poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder as effective coatings on the GF separator of the Li-S cell has been developed to suppress the shuttle effect. The deposition of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (PDAAQ) with the L-GO binder on the GF separator was investigated with a polycarboxylate-functionalized graphene (PC-FGF/S) cathode and a Li metal anode. The cells with modified coatings and L-GO as an efficient binder could accelerate conversion of long-chain polysulfides to short-chain polysulfides and significantly suppress the polysulfide dissolution, resulting in capacity retentions of ∼1020, 1070, and 1190 mAh g −1 for the cells with SiO 2 /L-GO-, TiO 2 /L-GO-, and PDAAQ/L-GO-coated separators after 100 cycles. The results demonstrate that ultrathin SiO 2 -, TiO 2 -, and PDAAQ-containing coatings with the L-GO binder on the GF separator can drastically improve the cyclability of the Li-S cells even after a long cycling life.

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) offer significant promise for compact gadgets, cars, and immobile power sources toward the simple storage of wet fuel as one of the effective alternative power sources, with minimal environmental effects and elevated energy density. Various basic and technical problems, such as slow methanol electrooxidation, methanol crossover, cathode oversupply, and high precious metal usage, prevent the commercialization of DMFCs. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) possess multiple benefits, such as very substantial surface-to-volume ratios and the potential to be functionalized with multivalent ligands and metal centers to improve fuel cell avidity. MOFs’ unique characteristics as energy materials have been put to good use in the development of high-performance DMFCs. This review highlights, provides insight into, and discusses the future potential role and approach of MOFs and their obtained materials in designing an efficient DMFC, as well as a mechanistic approach to MOFs in DMFCs. Additionally, in this review, methods for resolving these problems that have been reported in recent years toward the commercialization of DMFCs are discussed. Additionally, the progress of an economical, simple, and more structured DMFC, including a MOF catalyst as an evergreen requirement, is mentioned.

The dopamine has serious concern with respect to neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s etc. hence there is a necessity for selective detection of dopamine concentrations in blood. In this work we...