Children with or at risk of faltering growth require nutritional support and are often prescribed oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of energy-dense paediatric ONS (2.4 kcal/ml, 125 ml: cONS) versus 1.5 kcal/ml, 200 ml ONS (sONS) in community-based paediatric patients requiring oral nutritional support. Fifty-one patients (mean age 5.8 years (SD 3)) with faltering growth and/or requiring ONS to meet their nutritional requirements were randomised to cONS (n = 27) or sONS (n = 24) for 28 days. Nutrient intake, growth, ONS compliance and acceptability, appetite and gastro-intestinal tolerance were assessed. Use of the cONS resulted in significantly greater mean total daily energy (+ 531 kcal/day), protein (+ 10.1 g/day) and key micronutrient Preliminary findings of this study have previously been presented at 4th International Conference on Nutrition and Growth, Amsterdam 2017 as Sorensen et al. Improved compliance, nutritional intakes and growth with a high energy density, low volume paediatric oral nutritional supplement (http://2017.nutrition-growth.kenes.com/abstract-submission/2016abstract-book#.WMq_FtJ95hF) Communicated by Mario Bianchetti

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