Rapid prenatal detection of selected numerical chromosomal abnormalities by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on uncultured amniotic fluid samples was described six years ago. It allows a very rapid identification of selected aneuploidies. We have indexed the results of our 27407 fetal karyotypes obtained by conventional cytogenetics during the last five years, noting the type of chromosomal abnormality and the reasons for prenatal diagnosis. We have also indexed the chromosomal abnormality regarding the prognosis of the chromosomal aberations to evaluate the real impact of a non-diagnosis. Within the population of bad prognosis abnormalities, the percentage of abnormalities with bad prognosis detectable by FISH is 94.6% for advanced maternal age, 85.3% for ultrasonographic anomalies and 86.4% for positive maternal screening. The use of FISH alone on our cohort is not a suitable method to diagnose the chromosomal abnormalities.
L'objet de cette étude est de mettre en évidence le rôle des régions frontalières tchèques à la fois dans le processus de démocratisation en République tchèque et dans le débat sur les relations tchéco-allemandes et l'intégration européenne. Ces régions sont marquées par un double héritage historique : une présence allemande jusqu'en 1945 et quatre décennies de communisme. Les bouleversements des dernières années ont fait émerger les espaces frontaliers sur la scène nationale et rendent aujourd'hui nécessaire une remise en question du rapport centre-région. La perception de la question germano- tchèque dans les régions frontalières est différente de celle de Prague, à l'image d'une coopération transfrontalière perçue de manière plutôt positive par une population qui a déjà tiré un trait sur le passé. Enfin, zone de contact privilégié avec l'UE et à travers les eurorégions, vecteur de diffusion du modèle communautaire, les régions frontalières sont aussi un acteur spécifique de l'intégration européenne.
The Uneasy Reconciliation Between Germany and the Czech Republic, by Jacques Rupnik and Anne Bazin
In Spite of the Friendly Cooperation Treaty of 1992, and the Déclaration of Reconciliation of 1997, relations between Germany and the Czech Republic remain troubled by problems inherited from the Second World War: the expulsion of Sudetan Germans on one side, and compensation for Czech victims of nazism on the other. Ten years after German Reunification and Vaclav Havel's speech in front of the Brandenburg Gâte in Berlin, these questions are stakes in domestic politics in Berlin, Prague, and, also, Vienna. They feed po-pulist currents in Germany and Austria and alter the terms of the debate over the young republic's entry into the European Union. If they persist, these obstacles, bequeathed by history, could even defer and complicate the European enlargement process to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe.
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