This article shows that a relational approach to the notion of cultural capital may shed light on how stratification and the mechanisms of social domination have developed in France. By using several studies focused on a range of social classes, it demonstrates how cultural capital is being used in changing ways, at every level of the social hierarchy. The article is intended to move away from a substantialist definition of cultural capital, which cannot be solely defined by its contents, such as an educational degree or a collection of cultural practices. In order to understand the transformations of the boundaries between social classes, it is necessary to analyse developments in the relationship between cultural and economic capitals, and between cultural capital's incorporated, objectified and institutionalized forms.
Résumé Les voyages s’intègrent dans un ensemble de dispositifs éducatifs qui contribuent à la socialisation internationale des classes supérieures. Dans la tradition du « grand tour » aristocratique, le voyage de formation est d’autant plus distinctif qu’il témoigne de la possession de biens rares. Dans la grande bourgeoisie d’affaires, le voyage est l’occasion d’éprouver la dimension internationale du patrimoine familial et il permet la transmission d’éléments de savoir être et de savoir faire constitutifs de l’identité bourgeoise. Il forme « l’esprit d’entreprise » particulier des grands patrons internationaux et prépare souvent directement à l’occupation de positions de pouvoir. La prise en compte de ces usages sociaux du voyage conduit à rompre avec un certain nombre de catégorisations, et notamment à repenser l’opposition entre voyage touristique et voyage d’affaires, ou entre voyage d’exploration et retour dans un lieu familier.
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