A mathematical model is applied to the Aoste Valley (Italy), which is a good example of the hydrological workings of alluvial rock basin aquifers in mountainous regions. The course of the Dorea Baltea follows the valley, which between the altitudes of 500 and 600 m is dominated by summits reaching more than 3000 m. The lacustrine- and fluviatile-type sedimentary deposits are accompanied by several alluvial cones that, due to their varying nature, confer very diverse hydrodynamic characteristics to the land. In this particular context, the source and drainage of the Dorea control the hydrodynamics of the aquifers and influence the spatial dispersion of the physicochemical properties of the groundwater. The model also led to quantify and determine the zones and types of exchanges with the river. Simulation of lowering the water table in the river showed the variable sensitivity of the water table piezometry with various spatial impacts. Finally, the streamaquifer impact is highlighted by the spatial evolution of the sulphate contents coming from deep lateral sources. Taking into account the streamaquifer exchanges in an underground-flow mathematical model gives a better understanding of the workings of the valley aquifers and thus their management, especially for the development of watercourses in mountainous regions.[Journal translation]
La réalisation récente de sondages carottés sur l'ensemble du versant d'Evian permet de réaliser des observations détaillées des dépôts détritiques d'épaisseur hectométrique. Ceux-ci sont constitués de sédiments hétérogènes de type glacio-lacustre, glaciaire de fond, glaciaire latéral, avec de nombreux dépôts ligneux et tourbeux. Trois complexes sont mis en évidence, du plus ancien au plus récent : • un complexe inférieur, à dominante glacio-lacustre, mis en place avant 30.000 ans, mais après le maximum glaciaire würmien, • un complexe dit du « Plateau de Gavot », de marge glaciaire active, accumulé entre 30.000 et 27.000 BP. Il enregistre une quinzaine d'oscillations latérales du glacier du Rhône dont certaines de plus d'un kilomètre, • un complexe emboîté, riche en sédiments glacio-lacustres, mis en place entre 25.000 et 21.000 ans BP. Il correspond vers l'aval, à Thonon, à la limite entre les hautes et les basses terrasses de kame.
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