Dynamic capabilities are recognized as key factors for the adaptation of the firm to its changing environment. For two decades, a new pressure has been added on the shoulders of firms: they have to integrate sustainable development considerations in their strategy. This paper explores the impact of those new sustainability requirements on the dynamic capabilities that a firm should develop and sustain to remain competitive in turbulent environments. In particular, which new innovation capabilities are required to integrate environmental, social and financial objectives? To answer this question, we first consider the dynamicity levels identified in the literature in relationship with the turbulence of the firm's environment and we study what level is required for which type of sustainable innovation. Secondly, we look at the three fundamental natures of dynamic capabilities (sensing, seizing, transforming) and identify typical new requirements coming from sustainability challenges. We apply this reflection to Green IT innovations.

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Activity-based costing is used to give a better insight into the actual cost structure of open, transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS) supraglottic and total laryngectomies. Cost data were obtained from hospital administration, personnel and vendor structured interviews. A process map identified 17 activities, to which the detailed cost data are related. One-way sensitivity analyses on the patient throughput, the cost of the equipment or operative times were performed. The total cost for supraglottic open (135-203 min), TLM (110-210 min) and TORS (35-130 min) approaches were 3,349 euro (3,193-3,499 euro), 3,461 euro (3,207-3,664 euro) and 5,650 euro (4,297-5,974 euro), respectively. For total laryngectomy, the overall cost were 3,581 euro (3,215-3,846 euro) for open and 6,767 euro (6,418-7,389 euro) for TORS. TORS cost is mostly influenced by equipment (54%) where the other procedures are predominantly determined by personnel cost (about 45%). Even when we doubled the yearly case-load, used the shortest operative times or a calculation without robot equipment costs we did not reach cost equivalence. TORS is more expensive than standard approaches and mainly influenced by purchase and maintenance costs and the use of proprietary instruments. Further trials on long-term outcomes and costs following TORS are needed to evaluate its cost-effectiveness.

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