No abstract

The inhibitory effects of 30 dietary flavonoids on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were investigated to illustrate their quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) and further explore their inhibition at the cellular level. Results of in vitro experiment show that isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside (IC 50 , 6.53 ± 0.280 μM) had the strongest inhibition followed by cyanidin-3-Oglucoside (IC 50 , 8.26 ± 0.143 μM) and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (IC 50 , 8.57 ± 0.422 μM). A 3D QSAR model [comparative molecular field analysis, q 2 = 0.502, optimum number of components (ONC) = 3, R 2 = 0.983, F = 404.378, standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.070, and two descriptors; comparative similarity index analysis, q 2 = 0.580, ONC = 10, R 2 = 0.999, F = 1617.594, SEE = 0.022, and four descriptors] indicates that the DPP-IV inhibition of flavonoid was facilitated by crucial structural factors. Position 3 of ring C favored bulky, hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrophilic and electron-donating substituents. The presence of minor and electron-withdrawing groups at position 4′ of ring B and positions 5 and 7 of ring A could improve DPP-IV inhibition. Moreover, the three flavonoids mentioned above could effectively suppress DPP-IV activity and expression in Caco-2 cells. This work may supply new insights into dietary flavonoids as DPP-IV inhibitors for controlling blood glucose.

Our results suggest that stachyose enhances absorption and hepatoprotective effects of TP, and combined ingestion of stachyose and TP is a novel strategy for alleviating HF diet-induced hepatic injury.

The aim of this study was to select an appropriate drying technique from air-impingement jet drying (AIJD), hot air drying (HAD) and microwave drying (MWD) which can be combined with freeze drying (FD). Results showed that AIJD with relatively high efficiency, low energy consumption and good drying quality was suitable to be combined with FD. To further improve the drying technology of kiwifruits, the energy consumption and quality of dried kiwifruit with different conversion point during combined FD and AIJD were also tested. The energy consumption obtained for AIJD+FD and FD+AIJD was lower than that obtained for FD alone. Among the products, the kiwifruit processed by AIJD+FD not only showed better attractive green colour and higher sweetness perception, but also revealed higher rehydration ratio than FD and FD+AIJD kiwifruits, which was positively related to microstructure changes. The best AIJD+FD process, from nutrient retention and antioxidant activity considerations, was the combination of 65 min AIJD pre-drying and FD finish drying. Therefore, AIJD pre-drying and FD finish drying as a promising way with short drying time and strong nutrient retention capacity may be applied to the drying processing of agricultural products.

AIM:To discuss the relationship between onset of peptic ulcer (PU) and meteorological factors (MFs). METHODS:A total of 24 252 patients were found with active PU in 104 121 samples of gastroscoic examination from 17 hospitals in Nanning from 1992 to 1997. The detectable rate of PU (DRPU) was calculated every month, every ten days and every five days. An analysis of DRPU and MFs was made in the same period of the year. A forecast model based on MFs of the previous month was established. The real and forecast values were tested and verified. RESULTS:During the 6 years, the DRPU from November to April was 24.4 -28.8%. The peak value (28.8%) was in January. The DRPU from May to October was 20.0 -22.6%, with its low peak (20.0%) in June. The DRPU decreased from winter and spring to summer and autumn (P < 0.005). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average temperature value was -0.8704, -0.6624, -0.5384 for one month, ten days , five days respectively (P < 0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average highest temperature value was -0.8000, -0.6470,-0.5167 respectively (P <0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average lowest temperature value was -0.8091, -0.6617, -0.5384 respectively (P <0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average dew point temperature was -0.7812, -0.6246, -0.4936 respectively (P <0.01). The correlated coefficient between DRPU and average air pressure value was 0.7320, 0.5777, 0.4579 respectively (P <0.01). The average temperature, average highest and lowest temperature, average air pressure and average dew point temperature value of the previous month, ten days and five days could forecast the onset of PU, with its real and forecast values corresponding to 71.8%, 67.9% and 66.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: DRPU is closely related with the average temperature, average highest and lowest temperature, average air pressure and average dew point temperature of each month, every ten days and every five days for the same period. When MFs are changed, the human body produces a series of stress actions. A long-term and median-term based medical meteorological forecast of the onset of PU can be made more accurately according to this.