asyuni M, Gultom K, Fitri A, Susetya EA, Wati R, Slamet B, Sulistiyono N, Yusriani E, Balke T, Bunting P. 2018. Diversity and habitat characteristics of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove forest of Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 311-317. Mangrove plays an important role in coastal ecosystems including ecological, social, and economic aspects. This study aimed to determine the diversity of macrozoobenthos and water quality based on diversity index (H’), similarity Index (E), and dominance index (D) in the mangrove of Lubuk Kertang Village North Sumatra, Indonesia. The samples of macrozoobenthos (biological parameter) and water quality (physical and chemical parameters) were collected from fifteen plots in three different stations. Macrozoobenthos were collected in 1 m × 1 m transect in the mangrove forest. The biota was taken by using a shovel, inserted into a plastic bag, and identified. Results showed that eight species of macrozoobenthos were found and classified into three classes of Gastropod, Bivalvia, and Malacostraca. The highest diversity index (H′) of macrozoobenthos was found at Station II (2.39), the highest evenness index (E) was located at Station I (0.54), and the highest dominance index (D) was found at Station II (0.34). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the habitat characteristics of macrozoobenthos. PCA confirmed that station III was a habitat with suitable characteristics for the life of macrozoobenthos indicating the negative axis. The present study suggested four parameters namely salinity, clay temperature, and dissolved oxygen that should be preserved to support the survival of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove forests.

Partnership arrangement leads to differences in the production and management of mustard farming between partner farmers and non-partner farmers. Partnership can affect input and output prices, cultivation techniques, and productivity of mustard. The objectives of this study were to identify factors that affect farmer participation in partnerships, effects of partnership on efficiency, and factors affecting inefficiency in mustard farming. The research used cross-sectional data from a sample of 70 mustard farmers, consisting of 35 farmers with partnership arrangement and 35 farmers with no partnership. The methods used were logistic regression analysis, stochastic frontier production function, and dual cost function. The research results show that factors affecting farmers to get involved in partnership are productivity and income. By participating in partnerships, farmers' farming will be more technically efficient but allocatively and economically inefficient. Factors affecting technical inefficiency include education, number of family members and participation in partnerships. The results of the research also show that partnerships may create opportunities to the farmers to increase their farming productivity. However, they still need facilitation or assistance from the government or local institutions especially in formulating the contract agreement.

Partnership is one of the institutions that plays an important role in agricultural development in Indonesia. Contracts in partnerships result in differences in production, productivity, and cultivation techniques. Farmers who have not been able to allocate optimally production factors in their farming production processes will influence the production costs and farmers' income. This study aims to identify factors that influence farmers participating in partnerships, the effect of partnerships on the efficiency of mustard farming, and the factors that influence the inefficiency of mustard farming. This study uses cross section data from 70 samples of mustard farmers, consisting of 35 partner farmers and 35 non-partner farmers. The method used is cost analysis and income analysis. The results showed that the average income of partner farmers for cash costs amounted to Rp 20,932,943 and profits at a total cost of Rp 12,828,443. In non-partner farmers, income from cash costs amounted to Rp. 22,118,483 and revenues from total costs amounted to Rp. 14,492,164. Partner farmer income is lower than non-partner farmers. With participation participating partnering to reduce income because of different input and output prices between partner farmers and non-partner farmers. PENDAHULUANHortikultura merupakan salah satu sub sektor pertanian yang strategis dan penting, karena peranannya sebagai pola pangan harapan. Komoditas hortikultura khususnya sayuran berperan penting untuk keseimbangan pangan yang dikonsumsi, sehingga harus tersedia setiap saat dalam jumlah yang cukup, mutu yang baik, aman dikonsumsi, harga terjangkau, serta dapat di akses oleh lapisan Journal of Food System and Agribusiness

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This study aims to identify the functions needed to create a WebGIS system for cash assistance for Air Tenang village, which is then implemented in designing a WebGIS for cash assistance for Air Tenang village. This research is development research, known as Research & Development (R&D) using the waterfall model with stages, namely needs analysis, system design, implementation, system evaluation, operation, and maintenance. The results showed that the functions needed to create a WebGIS for the Air Tenang village assistance service were web-based information communication liaisons between the village and the community, data management included input, edit, and delete functions, submission of assistance, and visualization of the distribution of aid data in the form of interactive maps. WebGIS development for village cash transfer services in the WebGIS system with the domain address http://gisbltdesa.my.id. This WebGIS system has been tested on village communities, and the results show that most respondents consider the work of this system satisfactory and that it can be applied by the village as an alternative to the village cash transfer program.