No abstract

No abstract

Sentra produksi ubi kayu di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dihasilkan oleh daerah Kabupaten Pati. Tingginya produksi ubi kayu didukung dengan pengolahan pasca panen yaitu pengolahan ubi kayu menjadi tepung tapioka. Namun permasalahan yang muncul adalah limbah dari sisa pengolahan ubi kayu menjadi tepung tapioka belum dapat dimanfaatkan secara keseluruhan sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan. Melalui proses pirolisis limbah ubi kayu dihasilkan arang (bahan karbon). Uji kinerja karbon yang dihasilkan dari limbah ubi kayu digunakan sebagai adsorben pada limbah tekstil methylene blue. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukan bahwa intensitas absorbsi methylene blue menurun. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya proses absorbsi methylene blue oleh karbon. Laju penurunan intensitas absorbsi methylene blue semakin cepat dengan penambahan massa karbon. Karbon dari limbah ubi kayu sisa pengolahan tepung tapioka dapat efektif sebagai adsorben untuk mereduksi limbah tekstil methylene blue. Kata-kata kunci: limbah, ubi kayu, kabupaten pati.

The size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is a metric for an estimation of patient dose in computed tomography (CT). The SSDE strongly depends on the water-equivalent diameter (D W ). In abdominal CT examinations, a contrast agent is sometimes used to more clearly visualize tissue lesions. The Hounsfield unit (HU) of CT images with and without the use of a contrast agent at specific areas is slightly different and it may affect the D W value. This study aimed to compare the D W values calculated from axial CT images in patients who had undergone routine abdominal scans both with and without the use of a contrast agent. Axial images of 144 patients with a weight range of 3.5 kg to 90 kg who had undergone routine abdominal scans both with and without the use of a contrast agent using a Siemens Sensation 64 CT scanner were retrospectively collected. The D W values were automatically calculated using the Matlab-based IndoseCT (version 15a) software. The results show the percentage difference between D W,contrast and D W,non-contrast is below 2 %. As a result, the mean SSDE contrast is 1.5 % smaller than SSDE non-contrast . Due to the effect of a contrast agent on the D W and SSDE values is below 2 %, the axial images of CT abdomen without the use of a contrast agent can be used as the accurate estimation of D W and SSDE for images with the use of a contrast agent.

The dose received by a patient on CT examination is expressed in size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) which is a function of the patient diameter, x-ray attenuation, and scanner output (volume computed tomography dose index, CTDIvol). Patient diameter and x-ray attenuation are represented as water equivalent diameter (Dw). We conducted the research to analyze the relationships between body weight and Dw, CTDIvol, and size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) in contrast-enhanced thorax examinations. We used images from 100 patients (50 women and 50 men patients) whose weight range from 2.8 kg to 80 kg. The values of Dw, CTDIvol, and SSDE were automatically calculated from axial CT images using the IndoseCT software. Statistical analysis showed that the patient's body weight correlates linearly with the Dw. The linearity coefficient (R2) values for body weight and Dw is 0.43 (women) and 0.55 (men). However, weight was independent of the patient dose in terms of CTDIvol and SSDE. This was because the CT system used tube current modulation (TCM), which automatically adapted the tube current to patient size, resulting in a relatively constant dose regardless of the patient size (Dw).