Polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria (PNCs) were found to greatly enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) intensity of the luminol-H(2)O(2) system, and by virtue of the catalytic ability of PNCs, a sensitive and specific sandwich assay for human α-thrombin was developed.

In the present work, dual-functional DNA tweezers were constructed for the multiplex detection of thrombin and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The aptamers for thrombin and ATP were respectively immobilized on magnetic beads (MBs). Then they hybridized with complementary sequences at the ends of opening strands C in and D in . In the presence of thrombin and ATP, C in and D in were released as the results of competition. The tweezers contained two symmetrical components, and six DNA strands were hybridized to form the closed state. When the opening strands were introduced, the tweezers were driven to the open state, releasing two inert double-stranded waste products.

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