Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent chronic gastrointestinal diseases, which is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely clear for IBS, multiple factors such as genetic, psychosocial, environmental, visceral hypersensitivity, low-grade inflammation, gastrointestinal motility changes, food components, and intestinal microbiota are thought to play a role in the disease process of IBS. The rapid progression of recent microbiome research using advanced microbiological technologies has shed light on dysbiosis related to the pathophysiology of IBS. We used PubMed, PubMed Central, and Medline as our primary databases to search for articles using keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords on April 30, 2022, to render a total of 4062 articles. Then, a total of 10 articles were selected following a quality assessment. Despite the variable findings in different studies, most studies have concluded that IBS patients have a reduction in bacterial diversity and an increase in the temporal instability of the microbiota. IBS is known as a stress disorder, and the gut-microbiome-brain axis has been associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, the potential of dietary manipulation of gut microbiota and the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of IBS has been studied in recent years and shown promising results. We concluded that the gut microbiome plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial infection in hospitals. Despite the fact that CDI has treatment options, recurrence is common after the treatment, recurrence will occur in approximately 20%-35% of people initially affected, with 40%-60% of these having a second recurrence. Patients are more likely to have several recurrences after the second, which can lead to antibiotic overuse, and as a result, CDI-related health care expenses, hospitalizations, and mortality are on the rise. The first treatment to receive Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the prevention of C. difficile recurrence is bezlotoxumab, a novel human monoclonal antibody against C. difficile toxin B. In the present systematic review, we assessed various studies from PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, and Science direct that evaluated the efficacy of bezlotoxumab in the prevention of recurrent C. difficile (rCDI), and we also briefly discussed the pathophysiology of C. difficile and the risk factors for recurrence of C. difficile. The major MODIFY trial has proven the efficacy, pooled analysis of MODIFY 1 AND 2 trials demonstrated the following results as compared to placebo (bezlotoxumab

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been one of the most important breakthroughs for treating hematologic malignancies. On the other hand, the therapy had many toxicities. One of the toxicities of the CAR-T therapy is cardiotoxicity. The goal of the systematic review is to elaborate on the cardiotoxicities related to CAR-T therapy for hematologic malignancies. The systematic review is following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The systematic search was done using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and clinicaltrial.gov. The search and selection of studies were done on April 28, 2022, and May 6, 2022, respectively. The studies were selected based upon participants, intervention, and outcomes (PIO) elements and the articles that were included were, full-text articles published within the last ten years, clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trial, review, and systematic review. The exclusion criteria were non-hematologic malignancy, non-English-language articles. The initial search had 2,159 publications. The publications were assessed with assessment tools of Scale of the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA), Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NCOS), and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (CCRBT), which led to selection of eight publications. The systematic review concludes that cardiotoxicity happened in adults and pediatric patients receiving the CAR-T cell therapy and that those cardiac adverse events had many risk factors. Therefore, monitoring these cardiotoxicities is highly essential.

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder of the body's exocrine glands; however, it is known to have numerous extra-glandular and endocrine manifestations in the body. Moreover, other autoimmune have also been reported with high prevalence in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, including thyroid diseases. Therefore in this study, we aimed to ascertain the increased risk of developing thyroid disorders in patients with pre-existing Sjogren's syndrome. The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Online searches on PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, and Cochrane were done till 5th June 2022 to filter out studies published in the last twenty years. Based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria, 167 studies were initially selected. They were screened and assessed by quality assessment tools that yielded seven studies, including one meta-analysis, three non-randomized control trials, and three systematic reviews. The study proved that patients with Sjogren's syndrome are at significant risk of developing thyroid disorders, especially autoimmune thyroiditis. This also highlights the need for advanced research and better diagnostic and screening protocols for these patients to reduce the seriousness of the disease.

Context/Background: Child Sexual Abuse is a broad term used to describe sexual offences against children. Both genders are at risk of sexual abuse. Very few studies have conducted to assess the knowledge among school students. The study was conducted for documenting knowledge and attitude of child sexual abuse and socio-demographic profile among school children. Methodology: We enrolled 128 school students after getting permission from school principal. First, we had filled pre-designed semi structure questionnaire about their knowledge and attitude about types of touch and what to do if it happens. Participation in the research was strictly voluntary and all the data were kept strictly confidential. Results: All the participants were girls (100%). Majority of our participants were of 10 years (95.1%) of age. Current study revealed that very few participants were knowing about good touch and bed touch. Most of the participants didn’t knew about the private parts of the body and similarly most of the participants didn’t knew what to do if anything happens to them. Conclusions: Present study recommends generating awareness about child sexual abuse among children, parents, and general population, via training through well-structured program.