To study the relationship of various stages of Diabetic Retinopathy with severity of Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic Neuropathy. 120 patients of type 2 diabetic patients were screened for Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Investigations like Fundus examination with Indirect Ophthalmoscopy, CBC, RBS, RFT – S. Creatinine, S. Urea; Urine Samples – Microalbuminuria; HbA1c; Lipid Profile and Creatinine clearance, Vitamin B12, Nerve conduction Velocity Test and Clinical Reflex Test were performed on the patients with. In present study we have found significant correlation between Retinopathy, Diabetic Nephropathy and Neuropathy. Severity of neuropathy and nephropathy increased with increase in the grade of retinopathy. In our study the incidence of neuropathy and nephropathy also increases as severity of diabetic retinopathy increases. Thus, all diabetic patients must be screened for retinopathy as it can help determine the presence of other organ involvement.

Purpose: To find out correlation of swap and OCT in preperimetric glaucoma patient coming to Dhiraj general hospital. Materials and Methods: A complete ophthalmological examination will be done including uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, central corneal thickness measurement by pachymetry, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy and dilated fundus examination and Humphrey perimetry followed by SWAP and FDT. Result: In the present study a total of 50 patients were screened. Out of this 22 patients had a CDR of 0.5 with healthy neuroretinal rim (HNRR) in both the eyes. One patient had 0.5 CDR with inferior thinning in both the eyes. 8 patients had a CDR of 0.6 with HNRR and 1 had 0.6 CDR with inferior thinning. 2 patients had a large cup to disc ratio of 0.7 CDR but the neuro retinal rim on clinical examination appeared to be healthy. 14 patients had a large cup to disc ratio of 0.7 in both the eyes. Out of this 8 had inferior thinning of the neuro-retinal rim and 6 had superior thinning of the neuro retinal rim. 2 patients included in this study had 0.8 CDR with one having superior thinning and one having inferior thinning of the neuro retinal rim. The accuracy of OCT in detecting even the smallest nerve fiber layer defect was much higher than seen on SWAP. About 52% showed normal OCT as compared to perimetry group which was 60% and about 48% of patients showed affected nerve fiber layer thinning as compared to perimetry where visual field changes were 40%. Conclusion:In this study it was concluded that SD-OCT is better in detection very early stages of glaucoma where SAP or SWAP modality of perimetry does not detect. The sensitivity of OCT is much higher than perimetry and can help in detecting the suspects of glaucoma. Patients at with high risk (family history, smokers, large cup to disc ratio etc) should be screen for both OCT and SWAP. This will help us for manage patients better as they will be detected at a very early stage.

Aim: To compare the efficacy of 2% rebamipide and 0.5% Carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) eye drops in dry eye patients. Materials and Methods: A 100 dry eye patients were enlisted and screened. Patients were allotted randomly into 2 groups-(Group-A) 2% rebamipide or (Group-B) 0.5% Carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) ophthalmic solution, after screening and instilled as 1 drop in each eye four times a day, for about two months. The signs and symptoms were assessed -at baseline, 2, 4, and at 8week visits. The objective signs were -"Schirmer test and Tear film break-up time" (TBUT) while subjective symptoms were dry eye related ocular symptoms (foreign body sensation, dryness, photophobia, eye pain, and blurred vision. Results: A compelling improvement was noticed in the Schirmer test and TBUT values after the treatment in the 2% rebamipide group. The patients on 2% rebamipide eye drop showed considerable improvement in dry eye related ocular symptoms, than the patients on 0.5% CMC eye drop (51% and 29% respectively) at 2 months. Conclusions: 2% rebamipide ophthalmic solution was more efficient in improving both the subjective symptoms and objective signs of dry eye in comparison to the CMC group in this 8-week study. These findings showed that 2% rebamipide is the more effective drug for dry eye.